Abstract
A commercial phase Doppler system was set up, optimized and used to measure the time resolved characteristics of the droplets inside a diesel spray. The purpose of this work was to understand exactly the influence of each system parameter, and to find the best setup enabling measurements in the spray zones that are densest and closest to the injector. Parametric studies were performed to gain an understanding of the particle density limits of the system and their dependence on the system parameters. Then the diesel spray produced by a single-hole injector was measured, with the fuel pressure ranging from 300 to 1300 bar and gas density in the test chamber ranging from ambient conditions to 40 kg/m3. The optic parameters (beam waist size, lenses focal length) were chosen to the best expected values allowed by the optical stand-off of the spray enclosure. The receiver slit width, which was found to have a dramatic effect on the detection of droplets during the injection main period, was tested in the range from 100 μm to 25 μm. Tests were carried out with two different slit lengths, namely 1 mm and 50 μm, with results indicating minimal effect on performance. PMT voltage (gain) was held to a moderately low value between 400 and 500 V and the laser power between 400 and 800 mW in the green line. An optimum burst threshold was found to obtain the best quality data regardless of signal background level, which varies greatly in high-density pulsed sprays. In the end, a set of results from the complete nozzle characterization in various conditions is presented in order to show the practical application of the optimization study and to provide some means of appreciating the results accuracy. The results obtained were also used to show that the gas-jet theory can be used to predict if PDPA measurement are possible in a given experimental situation.
Similar content being viewed by others
Reference
D. J. Timoney, J. M. Desantes, L. Hernández and C. M. Lyons, 2005, The development of a semiempirical model for rapid NOX concentration evaluation using measured in-cylinder pressure in diesel engines, Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, P.I. Mech. Eng. D — J. Aut. Eng. 219(5) 621–631.
G. J. Smallwood and Ö. L. Gülder, Views on the Structure of Transient Diesel Sprays, Atomisation and Sprays, 10 (2000) 355–386.
R. Payri, J. M. Garcia, F. J. Salvador and J. Gimeno, Using spray momentum flux measurements to understand the influence of diesel nozzle geometry on spray characteristics, Fuel, 84 (2005).
A. Doudou, and A. Maslouhi, Macro-microscopic investigation of high-pressure sprays injected by a common rail system. Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology, 21 (2007) Issue 8 1284–1292.
J. Benajes, R. Payri, S. Molina and V. Soare, Investigation of the influence of injection rate shaping on the spray characteristics in a diesel common rail system equipped with a piston amplifier, Journal of Fluids Engineering, 127(6) (2005) 1102–1110.
J. M. Desantes, R. Payri, F. J. Salvador and V. Soare, Study of the Influence of Geometrical and Injection Parameters on Diesel Sprays Characteristics in isothermal conditions, SAE paper 2005-01-0913 (2005).
H.-E. Albrecht, N. Damaschke, M. Borys and C. Tropea, Laser Doppler and Phase Doppler Measurement Techniques, 2003, XIV, ISBN: 3-540-67838-7 (2003).
L. Araneo and C. Tropea, Improving Phase Doppler Measurements in a Diesel Spray, SAE paper 2000-01-2047 (2000).
G. Wigley, Measurement techniques and data analyses for direct injection fuel sprays, in Phase Doppler measurements in Ultra-dense sprays, University of Darmstadt, February 2005.
J. Y. Koo and J. H. Kim, 2003, Assessment of a phase Doppler anemometry technique in dense droplet laden jet, KSME International Journal, 17(7) 1083–1094.
C. Arcoumanis, J. Paa’l and J. H. Whitelaw, Application of Laser Techniques To Diesel Engine Sprays, 5th International Symposium on Application of Laser Techniques to fluids Mechanics, Lisbon 1990.
J. Labs and T. Parker, Diesel fuel spray droplet sizes and volume fractions from the region 25 mm and below the orifice, Atomization and Sprays, 13 (2003) 425–442.
J. M. Desantes, R. Payri, F. J. Salvador and A. Gil, Development and Validation of a Theoretical Model for Diesel Spray Penetration, Fuel, 85 (2006) 910–917.
R. Payri, S. Ruiz, F. J. Salvador and J. Gimeno, On de dependence of spray momentum flux in spray penetration. Momentum flux packets penetration model. Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology, 21 (2007) Issue 7, 1100–1111.
J. M. Desantes, R. Payri, F. J. Salvador and J. Gimeno, Measurements of Spray Momentum for the Study of Cavitation in Diesel Injector Nozzles, SAE Paper 2003-01-0703 (2003).
Hung C. Calvin, J. K. Martin and J.-Y. Koo, Injection Pressure Effects Upon Droplet Behaviour in Transient Diesel Sprays, SAE Paper 970053 (1997).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Payri, R., Araneo, L., Shakal, J. et al. Phase doppler measurements: system set-up optimization for characterization of a diesel nozzle. J Mech Sci Technol 22, 1620–1632 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12206-008-0432-7
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12206-008-0432-7