Abstract
In recent years, our research group has developed and studied new rare-earth doped materials for the promising technology of solid-state laser cooling, which is based on anti-stokes fluorescence. To the best of our knowledge, our group is the only one in Canada leading the research into the properties of nanoparticles, glasses and glass-ceramics for optical refrigeration applications. In the present work, optical properties of 50GeO2-30PbF2-18PbO-2YbF3 glass-ceramics for laser cooling are presented and discussed as a function of crystallization temperature. Spectroscopic results show that samples have near infrared photoluminescence emission due to the 2F5/2–2F7/2 Yb3+ transition, centered at ~1016 nm with an excitation wavelength of 920 nm or 1011 nm, and the highest photoluminescence emission efficiency occurs for heat-treatment for 5 h at 350°C. The internal photoluminescence quantum yield varies between 99% and 80%, depending on the temperature of heat-treatment, being the most efficient under 1011 nm excitation. The 2F5/2 lifetime increases from 1.472 to 1.970 ms for heat treatments at 330°C to 350°C, respectively, due to energy trapping and the low phonon energy of the nanocrystals. The sample temperature dependence was measured with a fiber Bragg grating sensor, as a function of input pump laser wavelength and processing temperature. These measurements show that the heating process approaches near zero for an excitation wavelength between 1020 and 1030 nm, which is an indication that phonons are removed effectivelly from the glass-ceramic materials, and they can be used for optical laser cooling applications. On the other hand, the temperature increase as a function of input laser power into samples remains constant between 920 and 980 nm wavelength excitation, a temperature variation of 36 K/W (temperature of 58°C/W) was attained under excitation at 950 nm, showing a possible use for biomedical applications to be explored.1)
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Acknowledgements
The authors acknowledge the Natural Sciences and Engineering and Research Council (NSERC) of Canada’s Strategic grants program, NSERC’s Discovery Grants program, the Canadian Excellence Research Chair (CERC) in Photonic Innovations and the Government of Canada’s Canada Research Chairs program for the financial support. The authors are also grateful to the Fonds Québecois de la Recherche sur la Nature et les Technologies (FQRNT) for the financial support and the Canada Foundation for Innovation (CFI) for infrastructure support. Also, this research project is supported by Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES), Brazilian agency, providing to Lauro J. Q. Maia a scholarship (Bolsa de estudos) from Estágio Sênior Program, Process nº 88881.121134/2016-01.
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Lauro June Queiroz Maia is Associated Professor of Physics Institute of Goiás Federal University. He Graduated in Physics at Mato Grosso do Sul Federal University-Brazil at 2000, and reveiced his co-tutellage Ph.D. degree in applied physics at Physics Institute of São Carlos of São Paulo University-Brazil and in physics of nanostructures at Grenoble University- France at 2006. He was first engeneering physics coordinator of Physics Institute of Goiás Federal University from 2012 to 2016. He has experience in physics and materials science, focusing on thermal, structural and optical properties of the condensed materials cotaining lanthanides, acting on the following subjects: thin films, ceramics, nanoparticles, nanostructures, glasses and glass-ceramics obtained by chemical processes, as sol-gel process and polymeric precursor method. From June/2017 to May/2018, he is studying laser cooling of inorganic materials at Ecole Polytechnique Montréal, under supervision of Prof. Dr. Raman Kashyap (Senior Stage with CAPES grant and UFG support; Post-Doctoral Stage). He has published 62 scientific papers and has filed 1 patent.
Jyothis Thomas is a Ph.D. candidate at Department of Engineering Physics, Polytechnique Montreal, Canada under the guidance of Prof. Raman Kashyap. Her research focuses on “lased induced cooling in bulk glasses and waveguides”. She received a prestigious Innovation in Science Pursuit for Inspired Research Program (INSPIRE) Scholarship from the Department of Science and Technology (DST) under the Ministry of Science and Technology, Government of India in 2012–2017, and completed a 5-year integrated M.Sc. in Photonics from the International School of Photonics, Cochin University of Science and Technology (CUSAT), India.
Her master thesis was entitled “Investigation of X-ray emission from laser induced plasma”. During her M.Sc. program, she worked at outstanding research facilities in India, including Birla Institute of Science and Technology, Raman Research Institute, Mahatma Gandhi University, amongst others. Her research interests include solid state laser cooling, laser induced breakdown spectroscopy and ultrafast laser ablation.
Yannick Ledemi is currently a research associate at the Center for Optics, Photonics and Laser, Université Laval in Quebec City (Canada) and the scientific coordinator of the Canadian Excellence Research Chair in Photonic Innovations held by Pr. Messaddeq since 2010. He obtained his Ph.D. degree in solid-state chemistry from Université de Rennes (France) and University of Sao Paulo State (UNESP, Brazil) in 2008. He has then completed two post-doctoral internships at the Institute of Chemistry of Araraquara (UNESP, Brazil) and at Université Laval (Quebec, Canada). His fields of interest are optical materials, in particular nonconventional glasses (oxyfluoride, chalcogenide, phosphate, etc.), transparent glass-ceramics, and specialty fibers for optical and photonic applications. He has published more than 60 peer-reviewed scientific articles and has filed 2 patents.
Kummara Venkata Krishnaiah received his master and Ph.D. degrees in physics from the Department of Physics, Sri Venkateswara University, Tiruapti, India, in 2008 and 2013, respectively. He worked as a postdoctoral fellow at the Department of Engineering Physics, Polytechnique Montreal, Canada. Now, he is working as a Assistant Professor in RGM College of Engineering and Technology, Nandyal, India. He is the author of more than 30 peer-reviewed journals and two book chapters, few more under consideration. His research interests include laser cooling of solids, waveguide devices, optoelectronic devices, memristive devices, nanomaterials and multifunctional materials.
Younès Messaddeq holds the Canadian Excellence Research Chair in Photonic Innovations since 2010 at the Center for Optics, Photonics and Laser, at Université Laval (Quebec city). He is currently Full Professor at the Department of Physics, Physics Engineering and Optics at Université Laval. He is also the director of the Joint International Research Unit Quebec- Brazil Photonics in collaboration with the University of Sao Paulo State (UNESP, Brazil); the director of the Laboratoire International Associé LUMAQ (Lumière Matière France Quebec) in collaboration with the Université de Bordeaux and the CNRS in France, the INRS and Université Laval in Canada; and the director of the Sentinel North Technological Platform at Université Laval since 2016. Before joining Université Laval, he was professor and research group leader at the Institute of Chemistry of Araraquara (UNESP, Brazil), visiting professor at the IFSC, Brazil and at the University of Münster, Germany. He has also served as a visiting researcher and fellow at the NIRIM in Japan. He has published over 450 scientific papers and has filed 33 patents.
Raman Kashyap is a Professor at Polytechnique Montreal with a dual appointment in the Departments of Engineering Physics and Electronics Engineering, a holder of a Canada Research Chair in Future Photonics Systems since 2003, and the head of the FABULAS Laboratory. He was previously the Head of Corvis Canada Inc., a photonics Company in Montreal. At BT Research Laboratories in the UK for 25 years, he researched optical devices and applications in photonics, and discovered the optical “fiber fuse”. He was the first to demonstrate how photonics could be integrated into cell-phones in 2014. He is the author of the first book on Fiber Bragg Gratings published in 1999, 600 technical papers in journals and conferences, and 44 patents.
His current research interests are laser induced cooling, nonlinear optics, sensors, fiber Raman DFB lasers, stimulated Brillouin scattering, plasmonics, integrating photonics into cell-phones, and perfecting ultra-long fiber Bragg gratings. He is a Fellow of the Academy of Sciences of the Royal Society of Canada, the Optical Society of America, the SPIE, the Engineering Institute of Canada, the Canadian Academy of Engineering, and the Institute of Physics (UK).
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Maia, L.J.Q., Thomas, J., Ledemi, Y. et al. Photonic properties of novel Yb3+ doped germanium-lead oxyfluoride glass-ceramics for laser cooling applications. Front. Optoelectron. 11, 189–198 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12200-018-0815-z
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12200-018-0815-z