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In vivo molecular imaging of vascular stress

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Cell Stress and Chaperones Aims and scope

Abstract

Noninvasive in vivo imaging is an emerging specialty in experimental radiology aiming at developing hardware and appropriate contrast agents to visualize the molecular basis and pathophysiological processes of many pathological conditions, including atherosclerosis. The list of potentially useful tracers and targets for in vivo molecular imaging in the cascade of early atherosclerotic events has been narrowed down to some very promising endothelial factors, i.e., cell adhesion molecules, macrophages, apoptosis, lipoproteins, heat shock proteins, and others. In this review, we will update on the progress of recent developments in the field of noninvasive molecular imaging in experimental atherosclerosis.

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Abbreviations

ADCC:

Antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity

ARMY:

Atherosclerosis risk factors in male youngsters

CD:

Cluster of differentiation

CEST:

Chemical exchange saturation transfer

CT:

Computed tomography

CVD:

Cardiovascular disease

ELAM:

Endothelial lymphocyte adhesion molecule

18FDG:

18Fluorodeoxyglucose

Gd:

Gadolinium

GLUT-1:

Glucose transporter-1

HDL:

High-density lipoprotein

HSP:

Heat shock protein

ICAM:

Intracellular adhesion molecule

LDL:

Low-density lipoprotein

LPS:

Lipopolysaccharide

Mab:

Monoclonal antibody

MHC:

Major histocompatibility complex

MPO:

Myeloperoxydase

MMP:

Matrixmetalloproteinase

MRI:

Magnetic resonance imaging

OxLDL:

Oxidized low-density lipoprotein

PARACEST:

Paramagnetic chemical exchange saturation transfer

PET:

Positron emission tomography

RGD:

Arginine-glycine-aspartic acid

SMC:

Smooth muscle cell

SPECT:

Single photon emission tomography

SPIO:

Superparamagnetic iron oxide

SRA:

Scavenger receptor A

Tc:

Technetium

TCR:

T-cell receptor

TLR:

Toll-like receptor

TNP:

Trireporter nanoparticles

US:

Ultrasound

USPIO:

Ultrasmall superparamagnetic iron oxide

VCAM:

Vascular cell adhesion molecule

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Acknowledgments

This work was supported by the Propter Homines Foundation, Vaduz, FL (to GW); the Medizinische Forschungsförderung Innsbruck MFI (to MCW, Project 9443); the European Union as part of the project Molecular Basis of Vascular Events Leading to Thrombotic Stroke (MOLSTROKE; LSHM-CT-2004–005206), and the Network of Excellence European Vascular Genomics Network (EVGN; LSHM-CT-2003–503254). Editorial assistance from M. Kat Occhipinti-Bender.

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  1. Department of Radiology, Innsbruck Medical University, Anichstrasse 35, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria

    Marius C. Wick, Christian Kremser & Stefan Frischauf

  2. Division of Experimental Pathophysiology and Immunology, Laboratory of Autoimmunity, Biocenter, Innsbruck Medical University, Fritz-Pregl-Strasse 3, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria

    Georg Wick

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  1. Marius C. Wick
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  2. Christian Kremser
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  3. Stefan Frischauf
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  4. Georg Wick
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Correspondence to Marius C. Wick.

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Wick, M.C., Kremser, C., Frischauf, S. et al. In vivo molecular imaging of vascular stress. Cell Stress and Chaperones 13, 263–273 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12192-008-0043-3

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12192-008-0043-3

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