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Normal muscle structure, growth, development, and regeneration

  • Muscle Injuries (SJ McNeill Ingham, Section Editor)
  • Published:
Current Reviews in Musculoskeletal Medicine Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Knowledge about biochemical, structural and physiological aspects, and properties regarding the skeletal muscle has been widely obtained in the last decades. Muscle disorders, mainly represented in neuromuscular clinical practice by acquired and hereditary myopathies, are well-recognized and frequently diagnosed in practice. Most clinical complaints and biochemical characterizations of each myopathy depends on the appropriate knowledge and interpretation of pathological findings and their comparison with normal muscle findings. Great improvement has been obtained in the last decades mainly involving the mechanisms of normal muscle architecture and physiological function in the healthy individuals. Genetic mechanisms have also been widely studied. We provide an extensive literature review involving current knowledge regarding muscle cell structure and function and embryological and regenerative processes linked to muscle lesion. An updated comprehensive description involving the main nuclear genomic regulatory mechanisms of muscle regeneration and embryogenesis is provided in this review.

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Conflict of Interest

Wladimir Bocca Vieira de Rezende Pinto, Paulo Victor Sgobbi de Souza, and Acary Souza Bulle Oliveira declare that they have no conflict of interest.

Human and Animal Rights and Informed Consent

This article does not contain any studies with human or animal subjects performed by any of the authors.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Division of Neuromuscular Diseases, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), Estado de Israel Street, 899. Vila Clementino, São Paulo, SP, 04022-002, Brazil

    Wladimir Bocca Vieira de Rezende Pinto, Paulo Victor Sgobbi de Souza & Acary Souza Bulle Oliveira

Authors
  1. Wladimir Bocca Vieira de Rezende Pinto
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  2. Paulo Victor Sgobbi de Souza
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  3. Acary Souza Bulle Oliveira
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Wladimir Bocca Vieira de Rezende Pinto.

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This article is part of the Topical Collection on Muscle Injuries

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de Rezende Pinto, W.B.V., de Souza, P.V.S. & Oliveira, A.S.B. Normal muscle structure, growth, development, and regeneration. Curr Rev Musculoskelet Med 8, 176–181 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12178-015-9267-x

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12178-015-9267-x

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