Abstract
A functionalized covalent organic framework (COF) was synthesized via room-temperature solvent-free mechano-chemical grinding method and used as a solid-phase extraction adsorbent for the extraction of eight biogenic amines (tryptamine, n-butylamine, phenylethylamine, cadaverine, putrescine, tyramine, spermine, and spermidine) in diverse meat samples. The target biogenic amines were derived with dansyl chloride to form stable fluorogenic derivatives for their high-performance liquid chromatography–fluorescence detection. The main important experimental parameters were investigated and optimized by both one-factor-at-a-time and response surface methodologies. Under the optimum conditions, a linear response for the biogenic amines was observed in the concentration range of 5.0–800.0 μg L−1 with the coefficients of determination (r2) ranging from 0.9944 to 0.9981. The limits of detection of this method (at a signal-to-noise ratio of 3) for the analytes ranged from 0.92 to 2.57 μg L−1. The method recoveries of the target biogenic amines for five meat samples ranged from 80.3 to 115%, with relative standard deviations lower than 12%. The results indicate that the prepared COF is an effective adsorbent for the enrichment of biogenic amines.
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Abbreviations
- ANOVA:
-
Analysis of variance
- BAs:
-
Biogenic amines
- BBD:
-
Box–Behnken design
- COF:
-
Covalent organic framework
- FT-IR:
-
Fourier transform-infrared
- HPLC-FLD:
-
High-performance liquid chromatography–fluorescence detection
- LODs:
-
Limits of detection
- LOQs:
-
Limits of quantitation
- Pa-NO2 :
-
2-nitro-1,4-phenelynediamine
- SEM:
-
Scanning electron microscope
- SPE:
-
Solid phase extraction
- Tp:
-
1,3,5-triformylphloroglucinol
- TCA:
-
Trichloroacetic acid
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Funding
This study received financial supports from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 31471643, 31571925, 31671930), the Hebei “Double First Class Discipline” Construction Foundation for the Discipline of Food Science and Engineering of Hebei Agricultural University (2016SPGCA18), the Natural Science Foundation of Hebei Province (C2018204076), and the Youth Scientific and Technological Research Foundation of the Department of Education of Hebei for Hebei Provincial Universities (QN2017085) are gratefully acknowledged.
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Qingyun Chang declares that she has no conflict of interest. Xiaohuan Zang declares that he has no conflict of interest. Tong Wu declares that she has no conflict of interest. Mengting Wang declares that she has no conflict of interest. Yachao Pang declares that she has no conflict of interest. Chun Wang declares that she has no conflict of interest. Zhi Wang declares that he has no conflict of interest.
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Chang, Q., Zang, X., Wu, T. et al. Use of Functionalized Covalent Organic Framework as Sorbent for the Solid-Phase Extraction of Biogenic Amines from Meat Samples Followed by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography. Food Anal. Methods 12, 1–11 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12161-018-1324-9
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12161-018-1324-9