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Ground Roast Coffee: Review of Analytical Strategies to Estimate Geographic Origin, Species Authenticity and Adulteration by Dilution

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Abstract

Methods for the determination of the most commonly found materials used to adulterate coffee as diluents and to establish the geographic and genotypic origin of beans are reviewed. Suggestions are made as to how to start to authenticate, or otherwise, the label claims for a given sample of roast ground coffee.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. The Institute for Global Food Security, The Queen’s University of Belfast, Belfast, BT9 5HN, UK

    D. Thorburn Burns & L. Tweed

  2. Government Chemist Programme, LGC, Queen’s Road Teddington, Middlesex, TW11 0LY, UK

    M. J. Walker

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  1. D. Thorburn Burns
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  2. L. Tweed
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Correspondence to D. Thorburn Burns.

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The statements below are declared by Duncan Thorburn Burns on behalf of all the authors of this review.

Funding

This study was personally funded by the authors.

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D. Thorburn Burns declares that he has no conflict of interest. L. Tweed declares that she has no conflict of interest. M. J. Walker declares that he has no conflict of interest.

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This article does not contain any studies with human participants or animals performed by any of the authors.

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Glossary

ANN

Artificial neural network

CD

Circular dichroism spectroscopy

CDA

Canonical discriminant analysis

DRIFTS

Diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy

ESI-MS

Electrospray ionization mass spectrometry

HPAEC

High performance anion-exchange chromatography (often applied with pulsed amperometric detection)

LDA

Linear discriminant analysis

NAA

Neutron activation analysis

OPLS

Orthogonal projections to latent structures, a linear regression method

OWAVEC

Orthogonal wavelet correction

PAD

Pulsed amperometric detection

PCA

Principle component analysis

PCR

Polymerase chain reaction

PLS-DA

Partial least squares–discriminant analysis

PTR-MS

Proton transfer reaction–mass spectrometry

PTR-ToFMS

Proton transfer reaction–time of flight mass spectrometry

SPA-LDA

Successive projections algorithm linear discriminant analysis

SPME

Solid-phase microextraction

SRI

Switching reagent ion system

UPLC-HRMS

Ultra-performance liquid chromatography–high resolution mass spectrometry

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Thorburn Burns, D., Tweed, L. & Walker, M.J. Ground Roast Coffee: Review of Analytical Strategies to Estimate Geographic Origin, Species Authenticity and Adulteration by Dilution. Food Anal. Methods 10, 2302–2310 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12161-016-0756-3

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