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Quantification of Extra-virgin Olive Oil Adulteration with Soybean Oil: a Comparative Study of NIR, MIR, and Raman Spectroscopy Associated with Chemometric Approaches

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Abstract

In this work, blends of olive and soybean oils were analyzed by near-infrared spectroscopy (NIR), mid-infrared (MIR), and Raman techniques to evaluate adulterations in olive oils. A representative group of different commercial brands of soybean oil and extra-virgin olive oil were analyzed by gas chromatography with flame ionization detector in order to explore the chemical similarity and composition of the fatty acid (FA) profile. Two stock solutions were prepared, one produced from a mixture of soybean oils and the other from the mixture of olive oils. From these stock solutions, 60 samples were prepared, simulating adulteration levels of extra-virgin olive oil with soybean oil between 0 and 100 %. It was possible to fit a model able to predict fraud within the interval investigated by partial least squares regression approach, with precision and accuracy values for root mean squared error of prediction of 1.76 (NIR), 4.89 (MIR), and 1.57 (Raman) and coefficient of determination R 2 greater than 0.98 for the three techniques. The methodologies demonstrated to be very useful for the quantification of extra-virgin olive oil adulteration with soybean oil, presenting short analysis time, low cost, and absence of sample preparation procedures as main advantages.

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Acknowledgments

The authors are thankful to the Brazilian agencies CAPES, CNPQ, and FAPEMIG for financial support.

Conflict of Interest

Thiago de Oliveira Mendes declares that he has no conflict of interest. Roney Alves da Rocha declares that he has no conflict of interest. Brenda Lee Simas Porto declares that she has no conflict of interest. Marcone Augusto Leal de Oliveira declares that he has no conflict of interest. Virgílio de Carvalho dos Anjos declares that he has no conflict of interest. Maria Jose Valenzuela Bell declares that she has no conflict of interest. This article does not contain any studies with human or animal subjects.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. LEM (Laboratório de Espectroscopia de Materiais), Departamento de Física, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Campus Universitário, 36036-330, Juiz de Fora, MG, Brazil

    Thiago O. Mendes, Roney A. da Rocha, Virgilio de C. dos Anjos & Maria J. V. Bell

  2. GQAQ (Grupo de Química Analítica e Quimiometria), Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Campus Universitário, 36036-330, Juiz de Fora, MG, Brazil

    Thiago O. Mendes, Brenda L. S. Porto & Marcone A. L. de Oliveira

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  1. Thiago O. Mendes
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Correspondence to Maria J. V. Bell.

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Mendes, T.O., da Rocha, R.A., Porto, B.L.S. et al. Quantification of Extra-virgin Olive Oil Adulteration with Soybean Oil: a Comparative Study of NIR, MIR, and Raman Spectroscopy Associated with Chemometric Approaches. Food Anal. Methods 8, 2339–2346 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12161-015-0121-y

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