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Indirect Determination of Free, Total, and Reversibly Bound Sulfite in Selected Beverages by Spectrophotometry Using Ultrasonic-Assisted Cloud Point Extraction as a Preconcentration Step

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Abstract

A new indirect ultrasonic-assisted cloud point extraction (UA-CPE) method has been developed for the determination of trace sulfite species by means of spectrophotometry. The method is based on either directly imide–bisulfite adducts formation or ion-pairing complexation of enolate–bisulfite adducts produced by the oxidation of pyrogallol with sulfite at pH 10 with 3-amino-7-diethylamino-8,9-benzo-2-phenoxazine chloride (Nile blue A) and CPE of ion-pairing complex formed from aqueous solution using Triton X-114. Under the optimized conditions, the calibration graphs with and without bromide were highly linear in the ranges of 6–180 and 7.5–180 μg L−1 with changing sensitivity. The limits of detection and quantification (LOD and LOQ) (3σ blank/m and 10σ blank/m) with bromide was 1.75 and 5.83 μg L−1 (n = 6) and the precision, the relative standard deviations (RSDs), for determination of 25, 75, and 150 μg L−1 of sulfite was in range of 2.40–5.20 % (n = 10). The method showed good selectivity, and was successfully applied to the speciative determination of trace sulfite in selected beverages with and without alcohol. The results were compared with those of the standard 5,5′-dithio-bis(2-nitrobenzoic acid (DTNB) method, and the two paired t test was used to determine whether the results obtained by the two methods differ significantly.

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Acknowledgments

The authors would like to thank Cumhuriyet University Scientific Research Projects Commission (CUBAP), Sivas in Turkey, for their financial assistance. Thanks are also due to Prof. Dr. Mehmet Akçay for his meaningful help and contributions in the critical evaluation and publication step of the presented research article.

Conflict of Interests

The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

Compliance with Ethics Requirements

This article does not contain any studies with human or animal subjects.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, University of Cumhuriyet, 58140, Sivas, Turkey

    Nail Altunay, Ramazan Gürkan & Kadriye Sertakan

Authors
  1. Nail Altunay
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  2. Ramazan Gürkan
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  3. Kadriye Sertakan
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Nail Altunay.

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Highlights

► A simple method is proposed to determine sulfite species in selected beverages.

► The method is based on interaction of bisulfite with Nile blue A in presence of pyrogallol at pH 10.

► Then, it was successfully used in separation/preconcentration of sulfite from matrix with CPE.

► The UA-CPE was coupled to UV-VIS for reliable monitoring of free and total sulfite in beverages.

► The analytical variables affecting UA-CPE efficiency were optimized.

► The method is simple, inexpensive, and eco-friendly.

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Altunay, N., Gürkan, R. & Sertakan, K. Indirect Determination of Free, Total, and Reversibly Bound Sulfite in Selected Beverages by Spectrophotometry Using Ultrasonic-Assisted Cloud Point Extraction as a Preconcentration Step. Food Anal. Methods 8, 2094–2106 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12161-015-0094-x

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12161-015-0094-x

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