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Development of a Sensitive and Accurate Stable Isotope Dilution Assay for the Simultaneous Determination of Free 4-Hydroxy-2-(E)-Nonenal and 4-Hydroxy-2-(E)-Hexenal in Various Food Matrices by Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry

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Abstract

An analytical method suitable for the determination of 4-hydroxy-2-(E)-nonenal (HNE) and 4-hydroxy-2-(E)-hexenal (HHE) in various food matrices was developed and validated. The method involves the use of deuterated HNE and HHE as internal standards, extraction of the analytes from the matrices followed by derivatization and detection with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. Four different food matrices were chosen as model systems including vegetable oils, unprocessed meat, fried potato crisps, and infant formula and three different extraction techniques suitable for the different matrices were applied including the Quick Easy Cheap Effective Rugged Safe method. The simplicity of the extraction techniques allows the method to be applied for routine analysis of a large amount of samples. The results verify the accuracy and reproducibility of the analytical technique and its ability to provide reliable quantification of both analytes at concentrations as low as 12.8 ng g−1 in meat samples. Furthermore, a short overview of the levels of HNE and HHE in several products available in the Belgian market is presented.

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Acknowledgments

The authors gratefully acknowledge the Federal Public Service of Health, Food Chain Safety and Environment (project RT/10 TOXAL) for funding this research.

Compliance with Ethics Requirements

Antonios Papastergiadis has received a research grant from the Belgian Federal Public Service of Health.

Conflict of Interest

Edward Mubiru does not have a conflict of interest. Herman Van Langenhove does not have a conflict of interest. Bruno De Meulenaer does not have a conflict of interest. This article does not contain any studies with human or animal subjects.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. nutriFOODchem Unit, Department of Food Safety and Food Quality (partners in Food2Know), Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000, Ghent, Belgium

    Antonios Papastergiadis, Edward Mubiru & Bruno De Meulenaer

  2. Research Group EnVOC, Department of Sustainable Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium

    Herman Van Langenhove

Authors
  1. Antonios Papastergiadis
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  2. Edward Mubiru
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  3. Herman Van Langenhove
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  4. Bruno De Meulenaer
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Correspondence to Bruno De Meulenaer.

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Papastergiadis, A., Mubiru, E., Van Langenhove, H. et al. Development of a Sensitive and Accurate Stable Isotope Dilution Assay for the Simultaneous Determination of Free 4-Hydroxy-2-(E)-Nonenal and 4-Hydroxy-2-(E)-Hexenal in Various Food Matrices by Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry. Food Anal. Methods 7, 836–843 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12161-013-9689-2

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12161-013-9689-2

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