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Headspace Liquid-Phase Microextraction Followed by Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry for Determination of Furanic Compounds in Baby Foods and Method Optimization Using Response Surface Methodology

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Abstract

In the present study, a sensitive, rapid, and simple method for determination of furanic compounds in baby foods has been developed. Headspace liquid-phase microextraction (HS-LPME) coupled with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry was used to extract and measure furan, 2-methylfuran, and 2,5-dimethylfuran in baby foods. Effective parameters such as salt amount (NaCl), stirring rate, temperature, and time of extraction were optimized using response surface methodology based on a central composite design to obtain the best conditions for extracting furanic compounds. The optimum parameter values were 1 g NaCl, 700 rpm stirring rate, 40 °C extraction temperature, and 15 min extraction time. The calibration curves were linear over the range of 0.2–200 ng mL−1 (R 2 > 0.99) for all compounds, and the repeatability of the method, described as relative standard deviation, ranged between 3.84 and 7.06 % (n = 6). The recovery of spiked baby food sample after extraction ranged between 89.33 and 103.64 %, and the best enrichment factor was achieved about 972-fold for furan. The limits of detection and quantitation ranged between 0.021 and 0.038 ng g−1 and 0.069 and 0.126 ng g−1, respectively. The merit figures of the HS-LPME/GC-MS method showed that it can be considered as a new, fast, and effective alternative method for investigating furanic compounds in baby foods.

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Acknowledgments

This study was supported by the National Nutrition & Food Technology Research Institute of Iran. We gratefully appreciate their assistance.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Food Science and Technology/National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

    Hossein Habibi, Abdorreza Mohammadi, Hedayat Hoseini, Mehrdad Mohammadi & Ebrahim Azadniya

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  1. Hossein Habibi
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  2. Abdorreza Mohammadi
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  3. Hedayat Hoseini
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  4. Mehrdad Mohammadi
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  5. Ebrahim Azadniya
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Correspondence to Abdorreza Mohammadi.

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Habibi, H., Mohammadi, A., Hoseini, H. et al. Headspace Liquid-Phase Microextraction Followed by Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry for Determination of Furanic Compounds in Baby Foods and Method Optimization Using Response Surface Methodology. Food Anal. Methods 6, 1056–1064 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12161-012-9510-7

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