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Potential Application of Turnip Oil (Raphanus sativus L.) for Biodiesel Production: Physical–Chemical Properties of Neat Oil, Biofuels and their Blends with Ultra-Low Sulphur Diesel (ULSD)

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Abstract

Turnip oil (TO; Raphanus sativus L.) produces seeds that contain around 26 wt% of inedible base stock that are suitable as a potential feedstock for biodiesel production. A turnip oil methyl ester (TME) was prepared from acid-catalyzed pretreated TO in an effort to evaluate important fuel properties of turnip oil-based biodiesel, such as kinematic viscosity, cloud point, pour point (PP), cold filter plugging point, acid value, oxidative stability and lubricity. A comparison was made with soybean oil methyl esters (SME) as per biodiesel fuel standards such as ASTM D6751 and EN 14214. TME was characterized using FTIR, HPLC and 1H NMR. Except PP property, SME displays superior fuel properties compared to TME. Blends (B5 and B20) of TME in ultra-low sulphur diesel fuel (ULSD) were also assessed for the aforesaid fuel properties and compared to an analogous set of blends of soybean oil methyl ester in ULSD as per petro diesel fuel standards such as ASTM D975 and D7467. TME B5 blends in ULSD displayed improved PP property in comparison to neat ULSD and blends of SME in ULSD. It was demonstrated that the B5 and B20 blends of TME in ULSD had acceptable fuel properties as per ASTM D975 (for B5 blend) and ASTM D7467 (for B20 blend). In summary, turnip oil has potential as an alternative, non-food feedstock for biodiesel production.

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Abbreviations

AOCS:

American Oil Chemists’ Society

ASTM:

American Society for Testing and Materials

AV:

Acid value

BD:

Biodiesel

CC:

Copper corrosion

CFPP:

Cold filter plugging point

CP:

Cloud point

CV:

Calorific value

FAME:

Fatty acid methyl ester

IV:

Iodine value

OSP:

Oxidation stability parameter

PP:

Pour point

RBD:

Refined, bleached and deodorized

SO:

Soybean oil

SME:

Soybean oil methyl esters

TME:

Turnip oil methyl esters

TO:

Turnip oil

ULSD:

Ultra-low sulphur diesel fuel

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Acknowledgments

The authors acknowledge financial support from Brazilian research founding agencies, such as Research and Projects Financing (FINEP), National Counsel of Technological and Scientific Development (CNPq), Banco do Brasil Foundation (FBB) and Federal District Research Support Foundation (FAPDF). OKH, FCSCA and PAZS thank CNPq for research fellowships. The authors acknowledge Bryan Moser and Jill K. Winkler-Moser for acquisition of phytosterol and tocopherol data and also Erin L. Walter for excellent technical assistance.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, 1815 N University St, Peoria, IL, 61604, USA

    Shailesh N. Shah, Brajendra K. Sharma & Sevim Z. Erhan

  2. Laboratório de Materiais e Combustíveis-Instituto de Química, Universidade de Brasília, C. P. 4478, 70919-970, Brasília, DF, Brazil

    Osvaldo K. Iha, Flávio C. S. C. Alves & Paulo A. Z. Suarez

  3. Illinois Sustainable Technology Center, University of Illinois-Urbana-Champaign, 1 Hazelwood Drive, Champaign, IL, 61820, USA

    Brajendra K. Sharma

  4. USDA, ARS, EERC, Wyndmoor, PA, 19038, USA

    Sevim Z. Erhan

  5. Applied Chemistry Department, Faculty of Technology and Engineering, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Post Box No. 51, Kalabhavan, Vadodara, 390 001, Gujarat, India

    Shailesh N. Shah

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  1. Shailesh N. Shah
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  2. Osvaldo K. Iha
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  3. Flávio C. S. C. Alves
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Correspondence to Shailesh N. Shah.

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Shah, S.N., Iha, O.K., Alves, F.C.S.C. et al. Potential Application of Turnip Oil (Raphanus sativus L.) for Biodiesel Production: Physical–Chemical Properties of Neat Oil, Biofuels and their Blends with Ultra-Low Sulphur Diesel (ULSD). Bioenerg. Res. 6, 841–850 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12155-013-9310-y

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