Skip to main content

Advertisement

SpringerLink
Log in

Optimization of image reconstruction conditions with phantoms for brain FDG and amyloid PET imaging

  • Original Article
  • Published:
Annals of Nuclear Medicine Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Objectives

The purpose of this study was to optimize image reconstruction conditions for brain 18F-FDG, 11C-PiB, 18F-florbetapir and 18F-flutemetamol PET imaging with Discovery-690 PET/CT for diagnosis and research on Alzheimer’s disease (AD) based on the standard imaging protocols and phantom test procedures and criteria published by the Japanese society of nuclear medicine (JSNM).

Methods

A Hoffman 3D brain phantom and a cylindrical pool phantom were scanned according to the JSNM procedure, and the reconstruction conditions (iteration, subset, post-filter) were optimized so that the images satisfy the JSNM criteria regarding spatial resolution (FWHM ≤8 mm) and gray/white matter contrast (%contrast ≥55 %) on the Hoffman phantom and uniformity (SD of small ROIs ≤0.0249) and image noise (coefficient of variation ≤15 %) on the pool phantom. Human images were acquired with 18F-FDG (15-min scan starting at 30 min post-injection [p.i.] of 185 MBq), 11C-PiB (20-min scan starting at 50 min p.i. of 555 MBq), 18F-florbetapir (10-min scan starting at 50 min p.i. of 370 MBq) and 18F-flutemetamol (30-min scan starting at 90 min p.i. of 185 MBq) on 1 or 2 subjects for each tracer and reconstructed with thus determined conditions to evaluate the image quality visually. The effect of reconstruction parameters on the standardized uptake value ratio (SUVR) was also evaluated on 5 amyloid-positive and 5 amyloid-negative PiB images.

Results

A sufficient image quality was obtained at an iterative update (product of iteration and subset) of 64 for 18F-FDG. The same reconstruction parameters with an additional Gaussian filter of 5 mm FWHM was optimal for 11C-PiB, 18F-florbetapir and 18F-flutemetamol to achieve the phantom criteria. Those optimal reconstruction conditions were confirmed with human images. The SUVR value was stable over a wide range of iterative updates around the optimal parameters both for positive and negative amyloid images.

Conclusions

Optimal image reconstruction conditions were determined for brain 18F-FDG and amyloid PET imaging with Discovery-690 PET/CT for diagnosis and research on AD based on the JSNM phantom criteria. This supports feasibility of the phantom criteria for standardization and harmonization of brain 18F-FDG and amyloid PET for multicenter studies.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Ng S, Villemagne VL, Berlangieri S, Lee ST, Cherk M, Gong SJ, et al. Visual assessment versus quantitative assessment of 11C-PIB PET and 18F-FDG PET for detection of Alzheimer’s disease. J Nucl Med. 2007;48:547–52.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  2. Doody RS, Thomas RG, Farlow M, Iwatsubo T, Vellas B, Joffe S, et al. Phase 3 trials of solanezumab for mild-to-moderate Alzheimer’s disease. N Engl J Med. 2014;370:311–21.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  3. Rowe CC, Villemagne VL. Brain amyloid imaging. J Nucl Med. 2011;52:1733–40.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  4. Wong DF, Rosenberg PB, Zhou Y, Kumar A, Raymont V, Ravert HT, et al. In vivo imaging of amyloid deposition in Alzheimer disease using the radioligand 18F-AV-45 (florbetapir [corrected] F 18). J Nucl Med. 2010;51:913–20.

    Article  CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  5. Vandenberghe R, Van Laere K, Ivanoiu A, Salmon E, Bastin C, Triau E, et al. 18F-flutemetamol amyloid imaging in Alzheimer disease and mild cognitive impairment: a phase 2 trial. Ann Neurol. 2010;68:319–29.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  6. Villemagne VL, Ong K, Mulligan RS, Holl G, Pejoska S, Jones G, et al. Amyloid imaging with (18)F-florbetaben in Alzheimer disease and other dementias. J Nucl Med. 2011;52:1210–7.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  7. Lowe VJ, Kemp BJ, Jack CR Jr, Senjem M, Weigand S, Shiung M, et al. Comparison of 18F-FDG and PiB PET in cognitive impairment. J Nucl Med. 2009;50:878–86.

    Article  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  8. Jagust WJ, Bandy D, Chen K, Foster NL, Landau SM, Mathis CA, et al. The Alzheimer’s disease neuroimaging initiative positron emission tomography core. Alzheimers Dement. 2010;6:221–9.

    Article  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  9. Joshi A, Koeppe RA, Fessler JA. Reducing between scanner differences in multi-center PET studies. Neuroimage. 2009;46:154–9.

    Article  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  10. Iwatsubo T. Japanese Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative: present status and future. Alzheimers Dement. 2010;6:297–9.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  11. Akamatsu G, Ishikawa K, Mitsumoto K, Taniguchi T, Ohya N, Baba S, et al. Improvement in PET/CT image quality with a combination of point-spread function and time-of-flight in relation to reconstruction parameters. J Nucl Med. 2012;53:1716–22.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  12. Lasnon C, Desmonts C, Quak E, Gervais R, Do P, Dubos-Arvis C, et al. Harmonizing SUVs in multicentre trials when using different generation PET systems: prospective validation in non-small cell lung cancer patients. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging. 2013;40:985–96.

    Article  CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  13. van Berckel BN, Ossenkoppele R, Tolboom N, Yaqub M, Foster-Dingley JC, Windhorst AD, et al. Longitudinal amyloid imaging using 11C-PiB: methodologic considerations. J Nucl Med. 2013;54:1570–6.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  14. Kemppainen NM, Scheinin NM, Koivunen J, Johansson J, Toivonen JT, Någren K, et al. Five-year follow-up of 11C-PIB uptake in Alzheimer’s disease and MCI. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging. 2014;41:283–9.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  15. Leinonen V, Rinne JO, Virtanen KA, Eskola O, Rummukainen J, Huttunen J, et al. Positron emission tomography with [18F]flutemetamol and [11C]PiB for in vivo detection of cerebral cortical amyloid in normal pressure hydrocephalus patients. Eur J Neurol. 2013;20:1043–52.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  16. Ikari Y, Nishio T, Makishi Y, Miya Y, Ito K, Koeppe RA, et al. Head motion evaluation and correction for PET scans with 18F-FDG in the Japanese Alzheimer’s disease neuroimaging initiative (J-ADNI) multi-center study. Ann Nucl Med. 2012;26:535–44.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  17. Landau SM, Breault C, Joshi AD, Pontecorvo M, Mathis CA, Jagust WJ, et al. Amyloid-β imaging with Pittsburgh compound B and florbetapir: comparing radiotracers and quantification methods. J Nucl Med. 2013;54:70–7.

    Article  CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  18. Standard PET imaging protocols and phantom test procedures and criteria: executive summary. Japanese Society of Nuclear Medicine website. http://www.jsnm.org/system/files/StandardPETProtocolPhantom20141225.pdf. Accessed May 29, 2015.

  19. Bettinardi V, Presotto L, Rapisarda E, Picchio M, Gianolli L, Gilardi MC. Physical performance of the new hybrid PET/CT Discovery-690. Med Phys. 2011;38:5394–411.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  20. ADNI 2 PET Technical Procedures Manual: Florbetapir. ADNI website. http://www.adni-info.org/scientists/doc/ADNI2_PET%20Tech_Manual-Version_4_2014Oct27_CLEAN.pdf. Accessed Jul 19.

  21. Rahmim A, Qi J, Sossi V. Resolution modeling in PET imaging: theory, practice, benefits, and pitfalls. Med Phys. 2013;40:064301.

    Article  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  22. Surti S. Update on time-of-flight PET imaging. J Nucl Med. 2015;56:98–105.

    Article  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  23. Conti M. Focus on time-of-flight PET: the benefits of improved time resolution. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging. 2011;38:1147–57.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  24. Hoffman EJ, Cutler PD, Guerrero TM, Digby WM, Mazziotta JC. Assessment of accuracy of PET utilizing a 3-D phantom to simulate the activity distribution of [18F]fluorodeoxyglucose uptake in the human brain. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab. 1991;11:A17–25.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  25. Hays MT, Segall GM. A mathematical model for the distribution of fluorodeoxyglucose in humans. J Nucl Med. 1999;40:1358–66.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  26. Lin KJ, Hsu WC, Hsiao IT, Wey SP, Jin LW, Skovronsky D, et al. Whole-body biodistribution and brain PET imaging with [18F]AV-45, a novel amyloid imaging agent–a pilot study. Nucl Med Biol. 2010;37:497–508.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  27. Nelissen N, Van Laere K, Thurfjell L, Owenius R, Vandenbulcke M, Koole M, et al. Phase 1 study of the Pittsburgh compound B derivative 18F-flutemetamol in healthy volunteers and patients with probable Alzheimer disease. J Nucl Med. 2009;50:1251–9.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  28. Phantom test procedures and criteria [in Japanese]. Japanese Society of Nuclear Medicine website. http://www.jsnm.org/system/files/DementiaPhantomTest20150223.pdf. Accessed May 29, 2015.

  29. Amyvid full prescribing information. U.S. Food and Drug Administration website. http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2012/202008s000lbl.pdf. Accessed May 29, 2015.

  30. Vizamyl full prescribing information. U.S. Food and Drug Administration website. http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2013/203137s000lbl.pdf. Accessed May 29, 2015.

  31. Folstein MF, Folstein SE, McHugh PR. “Mini-mental state”. A practical method for grading the cognitive state of patients for the clinician. J Psychiatr Res. 1975;12:189–98.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  32. Imabayashi E, Matsuda H, Tabira T, Arima K, Araki N, Ishii K, et al. Comparison between brain CT and MRI for voxel-based morphometry of Alzheimer’s disease. Brain Behav. 2013;3:487–93.

    Article  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  33. Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative PET Technical Procedures Manual. ADNI website. http://www.adni-info.org/scientists/doc/PET-Tech_Procedures_Manual_v9.5.pdf. Accessed May 29, 2015.

  34. Tiepolt S, Barthel H, Butzke D, Hesse S, Patt M, Gertz HJ, et al. Influence of scan duration on the accuracy of β-amyloid PET with florbetaben in patients with Alzheimer’s disease and healthy volunteers. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging. 2013;40:238–44.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  35. Nemmi F, Saint-Aubert L, Adel D, Salabert AS, Pariente J, Barbeau EJ, et al. Insight on AV-45 binding in white and grey matter from histogram analysis: a study on early Alzheimer’s disease patients and healthy subjects. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging. 2014;41:1408–18.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  36. Nordberg A, Carter SF, Rinne J, Drzezga A, Brooks DJ, Vandenberghe R, et al. A European multicentre PET study of fibrillar amyloid in Alzheimer’s disease. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging. 2013;40:104–14.

    Article  CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  37. J-ADNI PET QC method [in Japanese]. J-ADNI website. http://bidb.biosciencedbc.jp/files/download/J-ADNI_PETQC_Ver1.1.pdf. Accessed May 29, 2015.

Download references

Acknowledgments

We acknowledge Dr. Yasuji Yamamoto for patient referral. We also thank Eli Lilly and GE Healthcare for providing information and PET images of their respective clinical trials. Institute of Biomedical Research and Innovation carried out clinical trial of 18F-florbetapir and 18F-flutemetamol sponsored by AVID/Eli Lilly and GE Healthcare, respectively, with Michio Senda as principal investigator.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Division of Molecular Imaging, Institute of Biomedical Research and Innovation, 2-2, Minatojima-Minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe, 650-0047, Japan

    Go Akamatsu, Yasuhiko Ikari, Tomoyuki Nishio, Hiroyuki Nishida, Akihito Ohnishi, Kazuki Aita, Masahiro Sasaki & Michio Senda

  2. Department of Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1, Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan

    Go Akamatsu & Masayuki Sasaki

Authors
  1. Go Akamatsu
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Yasuhiko Ikari
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Tomoyuki Nishio
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Hiroyuki Nishida
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Akihito Ohnishi
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. Kazuki Aita
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  7. Masahiro Sasaki
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  8. Masayuki Sasaki
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  9. Michio Senda
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding authors

Correspondence to Go Akamatsu or Michio Senda.

Ethics declarations

Conflict of interest

Institute of Biomedical Research and Innovation carried out clinical trial of 18F-florbetapir and 18F-flutemetamol sponsored by AVID/Eli Lilly and GE Healthcare, respectively, with Michio Senda as principal investigator.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Akamatsu, G., Ikari, Y., Nishio, T. et al. Optimization of image reconstruction conditions with phantoms for brain FDG and amyloid PET imaging. Ann Nucl Med 30, 18–28 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12149-015-1024-0

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12149-015-1024-0

Keywords

Search

Navigation