Abstract
This study examined the psychometric properties of the Career Adapt-Abilities Scale (CAAS) in Ghana and its associations with individual-level ambidexterity and employees’ service performance. The CAAS International-Form constitutes four sub-scales, each with six items, which measure career concern, career control, career curiosity, and career confidence as self-regulatory resources that could help individuals to effectively manage occupational transitions, developmental tasks, and work roles. We hypothesized that career adaptability relates positively to the two outcomes. We tested the internal consistency, factor structure, and the hypotheses with 443 service representatives in Ghana. Results indicated that the overall CAAS score and sub-scales were good and reliable. The factor structure was identical to that of the CAAS International-Form. As expected, career adaptability positively related to individual-level ambidexterity and employees’ service performance. These findings provide insights for research and career development.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Ackah-Baidoo, P. (2016). Youth unemployment in resource-rich sub-Saharan Africa: A critical review. Extractive Industries and Society, 3(1), 249–261. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.exis.2015.11.010.
Affum-Osei, E., Aboagye, M. O., Antwi, C. O., & Asante, E. A. (2019). Validating the Auckland individualism–collectivism Scale (AICS): Testing factor structure and measurement invariance in Hong Kong and Ghanaian samples. Psychological Studies. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12646-019-00494-2.
Affum-Osei, E., Asante, E. A., Forkouh, S. K., Aboagye, M., & Antwi, C. O. (2019). Unemployment trends and labour market entry in Ghana: job search methods perspective. Labor History, 00(00), 1–18. https://doi.org/10.1080/0023656X.2019.1640356.
Agnihotri, R., Gabler, C. B., Itani, O. S., Jaramillo, F., & Krush, M. T. (2017). Salesperson ambidexterity and customer satisfaction: Examining the role of customer demandingness, adaptive selling, and role conflict. Journal of Personal Selling and Sales Management, 37(1), 27–41. https://doi.org/10.1080/08853134.2016.1272053.
Alarcon, G. M., Bowling, N. A., & Khazon, S. (2013). Great expectations: A meta-analytic examination of optimism and hope. Personality and Individual Differences, 54(7), 821–827. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2012.12.004.
Allison, P. D. (2003). Missing data techniques for structural equation modeling. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 112(4), 545–557. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-843X.112.4.545.
Andela, M., & van der Doef, M. (2018). A comprehensive assessment of the person–environment fit dimensions and their relationships with work-related outcomes. Journal of Career Development, 1–16. https://doi.org/10.1177/0894845318789512.
Antwi, C. O., Fan, C.-J., Aboagye, M. O., Brobbey, P., Jababu, Y., Affum-Osei, E., & Avornyo, P. (2018). Job demand stressors and employees’ creativity: A within-person approach to dealing with hindrance and challenge stressors at the airport environment. Service Industries Journal, 39(3–4), 250–278. https://doi.org/10.1080/02642069.2018.1520220.
Arbuckle, J. L. (2012). IBM SPSS AMOS (Version 21.0) [Computer Program]. Chicago: IL: SPSS.
Asante, A. E., & Affum-Osei, E. (2019). Entrepreneurship as a career choice : The impact of locus of control on aspiring entrepreneurs ’ opportunity recognition. Journal of Business Research, 98(February), 227–235. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2019.02.006.
Avornyo, P., Fang, J., Antwi, C. O., Aboagye, M. O., & Boadi, E. A. (2019). Are customers still with us ? The influence of optimum stimulation level and IT-specific traits on mobile banking discontinuous usage intentions. Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, 47(March), 348–360. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jretconser.2019.01.001.
Bledow, R., & Frese, M. (2009). A situational judgement test of personal initiative and its relationship to performance. Personnel Psychology, 62(2), 229–258. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-6570.2009.01137.x.
BOG, B.-G. (2017). Payment systems oversight annual report, 2017. Bank of Ghana Reports.
Bollen, K. A. (1989). Structural equations with latent variables. New York: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd..
Bonesso, S., Gerli, F., & Scapolan, A. (2014). The individual side of ambidexterity: Do individuals’ perceptions match actual behaviors in reconciling the exploration and exploitation trade-off? European Management Journal, 32(3), 392–405. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.emj.2013.07.003.
Bonnici, C., & Cassar, V. (2017). The implications of contextual realities on career development: The specific case of university research managers and administrators in Small Island states. Journal of Career Development. https://doi.org/10.1177/0894845317709352.
Caniëls, M. C. J., & Veld, M. (2016). Employee ambidexterity, high performance work systems and innovative work behaviour: How much balance do we need? International Journal of Human Resource Management, 5192(September), 1–21. https://doi.org/10.1080/09585192.2016.1216881.
Caniëls, M. C. J., Neghina, C., & Schaetsaert, N. (2017). Ambidexterity of employees: The role of empowerment and knowledge sharing. Journal of Knowledge Management, 21(5), 1098–1119. https://doi.org/10.1108/JKM-10-2016-0440.
Chan, S. H. J., Mai, X., Kuok, O. M. K., & Kong, S. H. (2016). The influence of satisfaction and promotability on the relation between career adaptability and turnover intentions. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 92, 167–175. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvb.2015.12.003.
Chang, S. J., Van Witteloostuijn, A., & Eden, L. (2010). From the editors: Common method variance in international business research. Journal of International Business Studies, 41(2), 178–184. https://doi.org/10.1057/jibs.2009.88.
Cheng, G. H. L., & Chan, D. K. S. (2008). Who suffers more from job insecurity? A meta-analytic review. Applied Psychology, 57(2), 272–303. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1464-0597.2007.00312.x.
Cheung, G. W., & Rensvold, R. B. (2002). Evaluating goodness-of-fit indexes for testing measurement invariance. Structural Equation Modeling: A Multidisciplinary Journal, 9(2), 233–255. https://doi.org/10.1207/S15328007SEM0902.
DeJoy, D. M., Schaffer, B. S., Wilson, M. G., Vandenberg, R. J., & Butts, M. M. (2004). Creating safer workplaces: Assessing the determinants and role of safety climate. Journal of Safety Research, 35(1), 81–90. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsr.2003.09.018.
Douglass, R. P., & Duffy, R. D. (2015). Calling and career adaptability among undergraduate students. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 86, 58–65. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvb.2014.11.003.
Dries, N., Van Esbroeck, R., van Vianen, A. E. M., De Cooman, R., & Pepermans, R. (2012). Career adapt-abilities scale-Belgium form: Psychometric characteristics and construct validity. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 80(3), 674–679. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvb.2012.01.012.
Duarte, M. E., Soares, M. C., Fraga, S., Rafael, M., Lima, M., Paredes, I., et al. (2012). Career adapt-abilities scale-Brazilian form: Psychometric properties and relationships to personality. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 80(3), 680–685. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvb.2012.01.007.
Ebben, J. J., & Johnson, A. C. (2005). Efficiency, flexibility, or both? Evidence linking strategy to performance in small firms. Strategic Management Journal, 26(13), 1249–1259. https://doi.org/10.1002/smj.503.
Eggert, W., Krieger, T., & Meier, V. (2010). Education, unemployment and migration. Journal of Public Economics, 94(5–6), 354–362. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpubeco.2010.01.005.
Eryilmaz, A., & Kara, A. (2018). Investigation of the effectiveness of a career adaptability program for prospective counsellors. Current Psychology, 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-018-9827-5.
Evans, K. R., Arnold, T. J., & Grant, J. A. (1999). Combining service and sales at the point of customer contact. Journal of Service Research, 2(1), 34–49. https://doi.org/10.1177/109467059921004.
Gabbott, M., Tsarenko, Y., & Mok, W. H. (2011). Emotional intelligence as a moderator of coping strategies and service outcomes in circumstances of service failure. Journal of Service Research, 14(2), 234–248. https://doi.org/10.1177/1094670510391078.
Gabler, C. B., Ogilvie, J. L., Rapp, A., & Bachrach, D. G. (2017). Is there a dark side of ambidexterity? Implications of dueling sales and service orientations. Journal of Service Research, 20(4), 379–392. https://doi.org/10.1177/1094670517712019.
Gibson, C. B. C. B., Birkinshaw, J., & Reilly, O. (2004). The antecedents, consequences, and mediating role of organizational ambidexterity. Academy of Management Journal, 47(2), 209–226. https://doi.org/10.2307/20159573.
Gontkovičová, B., Mihalčová, B., & Pružinský, M. (2015). Youth unemployment – Current trend in the labour market? Procedia Economics and Finance, 23(October 2014), 1680–1685. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2212-5671(15)00554-7.
Good, D., & Michel, E. J. (2013). Individual ambidexterity: Exploring and exploiting in dynamic contexts. Journal of Psychology: Interdisciplinary and Applied, 147(5), 435–453. https://doi.org/10.1080/00223980.2012.710663.
Guan, Y., Deng, H., Sun, J., Wang, Y., Cai, Z., Ye, L., Fu, R., Wang, Y., Zhang, S., & Li, Y. (2013). Career adaptability, job search self-efficacy and outcomes: A three-wave investigation among Chinese university graduates. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 83(3), 561–570. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvb.2013.09.003.
Guan, Y., Yang, W., Zhou, X., Tian, Z., & Eves, A. (2016). Predicting Chinese human resource managers’ strategic competence: Roles of identity, career variety, organizational support and career adaptability. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 92, 116–124. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvb.2015.11.012.
Guan, Y., Zhuang, M., Cai, Z., Ding, Y., Wang, Y., Huang, Z., & Lai, X. (2017). Modeling dynamics in career construction: Reciprocal relationship between future work self and career exploration. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 101(February), 21–31. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvb.2017.04.003.
Guo, Y., Guan, Y., Yang, X., Xu, J., Zhou, X., She, Z., Jiang, P., Wang, Y., Pan, J., Deng, Y., Pan, Z., & Fu, M. (2014). Career adaptability, calling and the professional competence of social work students in China: A career construction perspective. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 85(3), 394–402. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvb.2014.09.001.
Gupta, A. K., Smith, K. G., & Shalley, C. E. (2006). The interplay between exploration and exploitation. Academy of Management Journal, 49(4), 693–706. https://doi.org/10.1108/S1479-067X20140000014020.
Hawes, M. J., Baker, L. T., & Strong, T. J. (1993). Building exchange relationships: Perceptions of sales representatives’ performance. Psychological Report, 72(1990), 607–614. https://doi.org/10.2466/pr0.1993.72.2.607.
Hirschi, A., & Valero, D. (2015). Career adaptability pro fi les and their relationship to adaptivity and adapting. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 88, 220–229. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvb.2015.03.010.
Hirschi, A., Herrmann, A., & Keller, A. C. (2015). Career adaptivity, adaptability, and adapting: A conceptual and empirical investigation. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 87, 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvb.2014.11.008.
Hou, Z. J., Leung, S. A., Li, X., Li, X., & Xu, H. (2012). Career adapt-abilities scale-China form: Construction and initial validation. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 80(3), 686–691. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvb.2012.01.006.
Hu, L., & Bentler, P. M. (1999). Cutoff criteria for fit indexes in covariance structure analysis : Conventional criteria versus new alternatives. Structural Equation Modeling: A Multidisciplinary Journal, 5511(August), 1–55. https://doi.org/10.1080/10705519909540118.
Hui, C. H., & Triandis, H. C. (1985). Measurement in cross-cultural psychology. A review and comparison of strategies. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 16(2), 131–152.
IBM Corp. SPSS Version. (2016). Released 2016 IBM SPSS statistics for windows, Version 24 Armonk, NY: IBM Corp. Armonk, NY: IBM Corp.
Ito, J. K., & Brotheridge, C. M. (2005). Does supporting employees’ career adaptability lead to commitment turnover, or both? Human Resource Management, 44(1), 5–19. https://doi.org/10.1002/hrm.20037.
Jasmand, C., Blazevic, V., & de Ruyter, K. (2012). Generating sales while providing service: A study of customer service representatives’ ambidextrous behavior. Journal of Marketing, 76(1), 20–37. https://doi.org/10.1509/jm.10.0448.
Jiang, Z. (2016). The relationship between career adaptability and job content plateau: The mediating roles of fit perceptions. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 95–96, 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvb.2016.06.001.
Jiang, Z. (2017). Proactive personality and career adaptability: The role of thriving at work. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 98, 85–97. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvb.2016.10.003.
Johnston, C. S., Broonen, J. P., Stauffer, S. D., Hamtiaux, A., Pouyaud, J., Zecca, G., Houssemand, C., & Rossier, J. Ô. (2013). Validation of an adapted French form of the career adapt-abilities scale in four francophone countries. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 83(1), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvb.2013.02.002.
Johnston, C. S., Maggiori, C., & Rossier, J. (2016). Professional trajectories, individual characteristics, and staying satisfied and healthy. Journal of Career Development, 43(1), 81–98. https://doi.org/10.1177/0894845315584161.
Judge, T. A., Jackson, C. L., Shaw, J. C., Scott, B. A., & Rich, B. L. (2007). Self-efficacy and work-related performance: The integral role of individual differences. Journal of Applied Psychology, 92(1), 107–127. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.92.1.107.
Junni, P., Sarala, R. M., Taras, V., & Tarba, S. Y. (2013). Organizational ambidexterity and performance: A meta-analysis. The Academy of Management Perspectives, 27(4), 299–312. https://doi.org/10.5465/amp.2012.0015.
Kao, Y.-L., & Chen, C.-F. (2016). Antecedents, consequences and moderators of ambidextrous behaviours among frontline employees. Management Decision, 54(8), 1846–1860. https://doi.org/10.1108/MD-05-2015-0187.
Kauppila, O.-P. (2010). Creating ambidexterity by integrating and balancing structurally separate interorganizational partnerships. Strategic Organization, 8(4), 283–312. https://doi.org/10.1177/1476127010387409.
Kauppila, O. P., & Tempelaar, M. P. (2016). The social-cognitive underpinnings of employees’ ambidextrous behaviour and the supportive role of group managers’ leadership. Journal of Management Studies, 53(6), 1019–1044. https://doi.org/10.1111/joms.12192.
Kobarg, S., Wollersheim, J., Welpe, I. M., & Spörrle, M. (2015). Individual ambidexterity and performance in the public sector: A multilevel analysis. International Public Management Journal, 20(2), 226–260. https://doi.org/10.1080/10967494.2015.1129379.
Koen, J., Klehe, U. C., Van Vianen, A. E. M., Zikic, J., & Nauta, A. (2010). Job-search strategies and reemployment quality. The impact of career adaptability. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 77(1), 126–139. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvb.2010.02.004.
Lane, P. J., & Floyd, S. W. (2000). Strategizing throughout the organization: Managing role conflict in strategic renewal. Academy of Management Review, 25(1), 154–177. https://doi.org/10.5465/AMR.2000.2791608.
Levinthal, D. A., & March, J. G. (1993). The myopia of learning. Strategic Management Journal, 14, 95–122. https://doi.org/10.1002/smj.4250141009.
Maggiori, C., Johnston, C. S., Krings, F., Massoudi, K., & Rossier, J. (2013). The role of career adaptability and work conditions on general and professional well-being. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 83(3), 437–449. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvb.2013.07.001.
March, J. G. (1991). Exploration and exploitation in organizational learning. Organization Science., 2, 71–87. https://doi.org/10.1287/orsc.2.1.71.
Maree, J. G. (2012). Career adapt-abilities scale-south African form: Psychometric properties and construct validity. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 80(3), 730–733. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvb.2012.01.005.
Mattern, Max; McKay, Claudia. (2018). Building inclusive payment ecosystems in Tanzania and Ghana. CGAP Focus Note;No. 110. World Bank, Washington, DC. © World Bank. https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/handle/10986/30274 License: CC BY 3.0 IGO. Accessed 06/02/2019.
McArdle, S., Waters, L., Briscoe, J. P., & Hall, D. T. (Tim). (2007). Employability during unemployment: Adaptability, career identity and human and social capital. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 71(2), 247–264. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvb.2007.06.003.
Mckenna, B., Zacher, H., Sattari, F., & Mohebbi, H. (2016). Career adapt-abilities scale — Iran form : Psychometric properties and relationships with career satisfaction and entrepreneurial intentions. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 93, 81–91. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvb.2016.01.004.
Merino-Tejedor, E., Hontangas, P. M., & Boada-Grau, J. (2016). Career adaptability and its relation to self-regulation, career construction, and academic engagement among Spanish university students. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 93, 92–102. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvb.2016.01.005.
Miron-Spektor, E., Gino, F., & Argote, L. (2011). Paradoxical frames and creative sparks: Enhancing individual creativity through conflict and integration. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 116(2), 229–240. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.obhdp.2011.03.006.
Mom, T. J. M., van den Bosch, F. A. J., & Volberda, H. W. (2009). Understanding variation in managers’ ambidexterity: Investigating direct and interaction effects of formal structural and personal coordination mechanisms. Organization Science, 20(4), 812–828. https://doi.org/10.1287/orsc.1090.0427.
Moon, T. W., Hur, W. M., & Hyun, S. S. (2017). How service employees’ work motivations lead to job performance: The role of service employees’ job creativity and customer orientation. Current Psychology, 38, 1–16. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-017-9630-8.
Negru-Subtirica, O., Pop, E. I., & Crocetti, E. (2015). Developmental trajectories and reciprocal associations between career adaptability and vocational identity: A three-wave longitudinal study with adolescents. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 88(37), 131–142. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvb.2015.03.004.
Ng, T. W., Eby, L. T., Sorensen, K. L., & Fieldman, D. C. (2005). Predictors of objective and subjective career success: A meta-analysis. Personnel Psychology, 58(2), 367–408. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-6570.2005.00515.x.
Nyarko, C. O., Baah-Boateng, W., & Nketiah-Amponsah, E. (2014). Determinants of job search intensity in Ghana. Margin: The Journal of Applied Economic Research, 8(2), 193–211. https://doi.org/10.1177/0973801013519995.
Ohme, M., & Zacher, H. (2015). Job performance ratings: The relative importance of mental ability, conscientiousness, and career adaptability. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 87, 161–170. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvb.2015.01.003.
Olugbade, O. A. (2016). The career adapt-abilities scale-Nigeria form: Psychometric properties and construct validity. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 95–96, 111–114. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvb.2016.08.006.
Öncel, L. (2014). Career adapt-abilities scale : Convergent validity of subscale scores. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 85(1), 13–17. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvb.2014.03.006.
Patel, P. C., Messersmith, J. G., & Lepak, D. P. (2013). Walking the tightrope: An assessment of the relationship between high-performance work systems and organizational ambidexterity. Academy of Management Journal, 56(5), 1420–1442. https://doi.org/10.5465/amj.2011.0255.
Ployhart, R. and Bliese, P. (2006). Individual Adaptability (I-ADAPT) Theory: Conceptualizing the Antecedents, Consequences, and Measurement of Individual Differences in Adaptability. In Shawn Burke, C., Pierce, L. and Salas, E. (Ed.). Understanding Adaptability: A Prerequisite for Effective Performance within Complex Environments (Advances in Human Performance and Cognitive Engineering Research, Vol. 6), Emerald Group Publishing Limited, Bingley, pp. 3–39. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1479–3601(05)06001–7
Podsakoff, P. M., MacKenzie, S. B., Lee, J.-Y., & Podsakoff, N. P. (2003). Common method biases in behavioral research: A critical review of the literature and recommended remedies. Journal of Applied Psychology, 88(5), 879–903. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.88.5.879.
Porfeli, E. J., & Savickas, M. L. (2012). Career adapt-abilities scale-USA form: Psychometric properties and relation to vocational identity. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 80(3), 748–753. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvb.2012.01.009.
Prieto-Pastor, I., & Martin-Perez, V. (2015). Does HRM generate ambidextrous employees for ambidextrous learning? The moderating role of management support. The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 26(5), 589–615. https://doi.org/10.1080/09585192.2014.938682.
Raisch, S., & Birkinshaw, J. (2008). Organizational ambidexterity: Antecedents, outcomes, and moderators. Journal of Management, 34(3), 375–409. https://doi.org/10.1177/0149206308316058.
Raisch, S., Birkinshaw, J., Probst, G., & Tushman, M. L. (2009). Organizational ambidexterity: Balancing exploitation and exploration for sustained performance. Organization Science, 20(4), 685–695. https://doi.org/10.1287/orsc.1090.0428.
Rapp, A. A., Bachrach, D. G., Flaherty, K. E., Hughes, D. E., Sharma, A., & Voorhees, C. M. (2017). The role of the sales-service interface and ambidexterity in the evolving organization. Journal of Service Research, 20(1), 59–75. https://doi.org/10.1177/1094670516679274.
Rudolph, C. W., Katz, I. M., Lavigne, K. N., & Zacher, H. (2017a). Job crafting: A meta-analysis of relationships with individual differences, job characteristics, and work outcomes. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 102(September 2016), 112–138. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvb.2017.05.008.
Rudolph, C. W., Lavigne, K. N., Katz, I. M., & Zacher, H. (2017b). Linking dimensions of career adaptability to adaptation results: A meta-analysis. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 102, 151–173. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvb.2017.06.003.
Rudolph, C. W., Lavigne, K. N., & Zacher, H. (2017c). Career adaptability: A meta-analysis of relationships with measures of adaptivity, adapting responses, and adaptation results. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 98, 17–34. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvb.2016.09.002.
Sass, D. A. (2011). Testing measurement invariance and comparing latent factor means within a confirmatory factor analysis framework. Journal of Psychoeducational Assessment, 29(4), 347–363. https://doi.org/10.1177/0734282911406661.
Savickas, M. L. (1997). Career adaptability: An integrative construct for life-span, life-space theory. The Career Development Quarterly, 45(3), 247–259. https://doi.org/10.1002/j.2161-0045.1997.tb00469.x.
Savickas, M. L. (2002). Career construction: A Developmental Theory of Vocational Behavior. In D. Brown & Associates, Career choice and development (Vol. 4th). San Francisco, CA: Jossey-bass.
Savickas, M. L. (2005). The theory and practice of career construction. In S. D. Brown & R. W. Lent (Eds.), Career development and counseling: Putting theory and research to work (1st ed.). Hoboken, New Jersey: John Wiley & Sons, Inc..
Savickas, M. L. (2013). Career construction theory and practice. In S. D. Brown & R. W. Lent (Eds.), Career development and counseling: Putting theory and research to work (2nd ed.). Hoboken, New Jersey: John Wiley & Sons, Inc..
Savickas, M. L., & Porfeli, E. J. (2012). Career adapt-abilities scale: Construction, reliability, and measurement equivalence across 13 countries. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 80(3), 661–673. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvb.2012.01.011.
Savickas, M. L., Nota, L., Rossier, J., Dauwalder, J. P., Duarte, M. E., Guichard, J., Soresi, S., van Esbroeck, R., & van Vianen, A. E. M. (2009). Life designing: A paradigm for career construction in the 21st century. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 75(3), 239–250. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvb.2009.04.004.
Shropshire, J., & Kadlec, C. (2012). Where are you going? A comparative analysis of job and career change intentions among USA it workers. Journal of Internet Banking and Commerce, 17(2), 1–20. https://doi.org/10.1002/job.
Steenkamp, J.-B. E. M., & Burgess, S. M. (2002). Optimum stimulation level and exploratory consumer behavior in an emerging consumer market. International Journal of Research in Marketing, 19(2), 131–150. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0167-8116(02)00063-0.
Strutton, D., Toma, A. L., & Pelton, E. L. (1993). Relationship between psychological climate and trust between salespersons and thier managers in sales srganisations. Psychological Reports, 72, 931–939. https://doi.org/10.2466/pr0.1993.72.3.931.
Super, D. E., & Knasel, E. G. (1981). Career development in adulthood: Some theoretical problems and a possible solution. British Journal of Guidance & Counselling, 9(2), 194–201. https://doi.org/10.1080/03069888108258214.
Tien, H. L. S., Wang, Y. C., Chu, H. C., & Huang, T. L. (2012). Career adapt-abilities scale - Taiwan form: Psychometric properties and construct validity. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 80(3), 744–747. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvb.2012.01.010.
Tien, H. L. S., Lin, S. H., Hsieh, P. J., & Jin, S. R. (2014). The career adapt-abilities scale in Macau: Psychometric characteristics and construct validity. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 84(3), 259–265. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvb.2014.01.005.
Tolentino, L. R., Garcia, P. R. J. M., Restubog, S. L. D., Bordia, P., & Tang, R. L. (2013). Validation of the career adapt-abilities scale and an examination of a model of career adaptation in the Philippine context. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 83(3), 410–418. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvb.2013.06.013.
Tolentino, L. R., Garcia, P. R. J. M., Lu, V. N., Restubog, S. L. D., Bordia, P., & Plewa, C. (2014a). Career adaptation: The relation of adaptability to goal orientation, proactive personality, and career optimism. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 84(1), 39–48. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvb.2013.11.004.
Tolentino, L. R., Sedoglavich, V., Lu, V. N., Garcia, P. R. J. M., & Restubog, S. L. D. (2014b). The role of career adaptability in predicting entrepreneurial intentions: A moderated mediation model. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 85(3), 403–412. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvb.2014.09.002.
Tornau, K., & Frese, M. (2013). Construct clean-up in proactivity research: A meta-analysis on the nomological net of work-related proactivity concepts and their incremental validities. Applied Psychology: An International Review, 62(1), 44–96. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1464-0597.2012.00514.x.
Turner, N., Swart, J., & Maylor, H. (2013). Mechanisms for managing ambidexterity: A review and research agenda. International Journal of Management Reviews, 15(3), 317–332. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2370.2012.00343.x.
Urbanaviciute, I., Udayar, S., Maggiori, C., & Rossier, J. (2018). Precariousness profile and career adaptability as determinants of job insecurity: A three-wave study. Journal of Career Development, 1–16. https://doi.org/10.1177/0894845318791777.
Vandenberg, R. J., & Lance, C. E. (2000). A Review and synthesis of the measurement invariance literature : Suggestions , practices , and recommendations for organizational research. Organizational Research Methods, 4–70.
Vilhjálmsdóttir, G., Kjartansdóttir, G. B., Smáradóttir, S. B., & Einarsdóttir, S. (2012). Career adapt-abilities scale - Icelandic form: Psychometric properties and construct validity. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 80(3), 698–704. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvb.2012.01.013.
Wu, C. C. (2011). High graduate unemployment rate and Taiwanese undergraduate education. International Journal of Educational Development, 31(3), 303–310. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijedudev.2010.06.010.
Yu, T., Patterson, P. G., & de Ruyter, K. (2013). Achieving service-sales ambidexterity. Journal of Service Research, 16(1), 52–66. https://doi.org/10.1177/1094670512453878.
Zacher, H. (2014). Individual difference predictors of change in career adaptability over time. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 84(2), 188–198. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvb.2014.01.001.
Zacher, H., & Griffin, B. (2015). Older workers’ age as a moderator of the relationship between career adaptability and job satisfaction. Work, Aging and Retirement, 1(2), 227–236. https://doi.org/10.1093/workar/wau009.
Zacher, H., & Rosing, K. (2015). Ambidextrous leadership and team innovation. Leadership & Organization Development Journal, 36(1), 54–68. https://doi.org/10.1108/LODJ-11-2012-0141.
Zacher, H., Ambiel, R. A. M., & Noronha, A. P. P. (2015). Career adaptability and career entrenchment. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 88, 164–173. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvb.2015.03.006.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Ethical Statement and Informed Consent
In line with the declaration of Helsinki, informed consent was included on the first page of the research questionnaire. Participants were assured that the survey is strictly for academic work and that their responses will remain strictly confidential, anonymous and will be used only for the purpose of this research work. Participants provided their signatures or initials on these forms to indicate that their participation in our project is voluntary and may withdraw from participating at any time. This research forms part of a larger project, which investigates motivation, self-regulation, career adaptability, ambidextrous behavior, job search behavior and outcomes. The study’s protocol was approved by the Survey and Behavioural Research Ethics Committee (SBREC) of The Chinese University of Hong Kong.
Declaration of Interest
No potential conflict of interest was reported by the authors.
Additional information
Publisher’s note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Affum-Osei, E., Antwi, C.O., Abdul-Nasiru, I. et al. Career adapt-abilities scale in Ghana: Psychometric properties and associations with individual-level ambidexterity and employees’ service performance. Curr Psychol 40, 4647–4662 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-019-00406-7
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-019-00406-7