References
Baddeley, A.D. (1990). Human memory: Theory and practice. Hove: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
Brandimonte, M.A., Einstein, G.O., & McDaniel, M.A. (1996). Prospective memory: Theory and applications. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Inc.
Crawford, J.R., Henry, J.D., Ward, A.L., & Blake, J. (2006). The Prospective and Retrospective Memory Questionnaire (PRMQ): Latent structure, normative data and discrepancy analysis for proxy-ratings. British Journal of Clinical Psychology, 45, 83–104.
Crawford, J.R., Smith, G., Maylor, E.A., Delia Sala, S., & Logie, R.H. (2003). The normative data and latent structure in a large non-clinical sample. Memory, 11, 261–275.
Dixon, R.A. (1989). Questionnaire research on metamemory and aging: Issues of structure and function. In L.W. Poon, D.C. Rubin, & B.A. Wilson (Eds.), Everyday cognition in adulthood and late life (pp. 394–415). Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
Dixon, R.A. & Hultsch, D.F (1984). The Metamemory in Adulthood (MIA) Instrument. Psychological Documents, 14, 3.
Dixon, R.A., Hultsch, D.F., & Hertzog, C. (1988). The Metamemory in Adulthood (MIA) Questionnaire. Psychopharmacology Bulletin, 24, 671—688.
d’Ydewalle, G., Bouckaert, D., & Brunfaut, E. (2001). Age-related differences and complexity of ongoing activities in time—and event-based prospective memory. American Journal of Psychology, 114, 411–423.
Einstein, G.O., McDaniel, M.A., Richardson, S.L., Guynn, M.J., & Cunfer, A.R. (1995). Aging and prospective memory: Examining the influences of self-initiated retrieval processes. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 21, 996–1007.
Ellis, J. & Kvavilashvili, L. (2000). Prospective memory in 2000: Past, present, and future directions. Applied Cognitive Psychology, 14, S1-S9.
Hultsch, D.F., Hertzog, C, Dixon, R.A., & Davidson, H. (1988). Memory self-knowledge and self-efficacy in the aged. In M.L. Howe & C.J. Brainerd (Eds.), Cognitive development in adulthood: Progress in cognitive development research (pp. 65–92). New York: Springer.
Kliegel, M., JÄger, T., Phillips, L.H., Federspiel, E., Imfeld, A., Keller, M., & Zimprich, D. (2005). Effects of sad mood on time-based prospective memory. Cognition and Emotion, 19, 1199–1213.
Kliegel, M., Martin, M., McDaniel, M.A., & Einstein, G.O. (2001). Varying the importance of a prospective memory task: Differential effects across time—and event-based prospective memory. Memory, 9, 1–11.
MÄntylÄ, T. (2003). Assessing absentmindedness: Prospective memory complaint and impairment in middleaged adults. Memory & Cognition, 31, 15–25.
Maylor, E.A. (1993). Aging and forgetting in prospective and retrospective memory tasks. Psychology and Aging, 8, 420–428.
Maylor, E.A. (1996). Age-related impairment in an event-based prospective-memory task. Psychology and Aging, 11, 74–78.
McDonald-Miszczak, L., Gould, O.N., & Tychynski, D. (1999). Metamemory predictors of prospective and retrospective memory performance. The Journal of General Psychology, 126, 37–52.
Ponds, R.W.H.M. & Jolies, J. (1999). The abridged Dutch Metamemory in Adulthood (MIA) Questionnaire: Structure and effects of age, sex, and education. Psychology and Aging, 11, 324–332.
Smith, G., Delia Sala, S., Logie, R.H., & Maylor, E.A. (2000). Prospective and retrospective memory in normal ageing and dementia: A questionnaire study. Memory, 8, 311–321.
Snodgrass, J.G. & Vanderwart, M. (1980). A standardized set of 260 pictures: Norms for name agreement, image agreement, familiarity, and visual complexity. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Learning and Memory, 6, 174–215.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
We would like to thank Heidi Wegmüller and Tsering Bamert for their assistance in data collection and Adrian Imfeld for computer programming.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Kliegel, M., JÄger, T. Can the prospective and retrospective memory questionnaire (PRMQ) predict actual prospective memory performance?. Curr Psychol 25, 182–191 (2006). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-006-1002-8
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-006-1002-8