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Abstract

New Zealand, like Australia and Canada, has long had an active policy of seeking immigrants to “grow” its population and economy. Unlike the other two countries, New Zealand does not have a federal system of government, and the absence of a state or provincial level of legislative authority has meant that policies to promote immigration and to meet labour market needs have been centrally driven. In the latter decades of the twentieth century, labour market activation policies in New Zealand were focussed on supply, including the engagement or re-engagement of workers. In the early years of the twenty-first century, there have been significant labour shortages, particularly (but not only) of skilled labour in a range of industries and regions, as well as changes in the nature of labour market engagement associated with the rise of various forms of non-standard employment. The policy focus has been increasingly demand-focussed and driven by local labour market considerations. It has also increasingly revolved around recruiting immigrant labour in response to local skill shortages. This paper discusses the way in which regions in New Zealand have developed schemes that are designed to attract immigrant labour to meet local labour demand as well as provide a key driver in local economic development.

Résumé

La Nouvelle-Zélande, tout comme l’Australie et le Canada, a depuis longtemps une politique appuyant la recherche active d’immigrants pour accroître sa population et développer son économie. Contrairement aux deux autres pays par contre, la Nouvelle-Zélande n’a pas un système fédéral de gouvernance; l’absence d’un palier provincial de pouvoir législatif fait en sorte que les politiques pour promouvoir l’immigration et combler les besoins du marché du travail sont du ressort du gouvernement central. Pendant les dernières décennies du XXe siècle, les politiques visant l’activation du marché du travail en Nouvelle-Zélande étaient concentrées sur l’offre, y compris l’embauche et la réembauche des travailleurs. Au début du XXIe siècle, la Nouvelle-Zélande a connu des pénuries de main-d’oeuvre importantes, surtout (mais pas exclusivement) de main-d’oeuvre qualifiée dans plusieurs industries et régions, ainsi que des changements dans la nature de l’embauche au sein du marché du travail liés à l’augmentation de diverses formes d’emploi non-standard. De plus en plus, les politiques portent sur la demande, sont formulées en réaction au marché du travail local et visent le recrutement de travailleurs immigrants pour combler les pénuries locales de main-d’oeuvre qualifiée. Cet article porte sur les stratégies qu’ont développées des régions en Nouvelle-Zélande pour attirer les travailleurs itinérants et donc combler les besoins locaux en main-d’oeuvre et stimuler le développement économique local.

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Acknowledgment

The authors acknowledge the support provided by the Victoria State Government in Australia for the workshops that have contributed to the writing of this paper and others in this issue of the Journal of International Migration and Integration. Assistance provided by Matt Hoskin, Bev Hong, Stephen Dunstan and Paul Merwood on developments in New Zealand’s immigration policy, and the Venture Southland, Waitakere Employment and Skills Project and Recognised Seasonal Employer schemes is gratefully acknowledged, as is financial support from the FRST-funded “Strangers in Town Programme” and the Labour Market Dynamics Research Programme.

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Spoonley, P., Bedford, R. Responding to regional labour demand: International migration and labour markets in New Zealand’s regions. Int. Migration & Integration 9, 203–223 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12134-008-0056-x

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12134-008-0056-x

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