Abstract
Although sexual intercourse is an important aspect of women’s sexuality, there is little knowledge on how women experience sexual pleasure in Ghana. In this paper we explore how women and men express sexual pleasure and highlight women’s experience of sexual pleasure based on the narratives of 20 women and 16 men. Specifically, we focus on describing how women and men understand sexual pleasure, the factors that stimulate sexual pleasure, and show how women experience it. The interviewee’s expressions of sexual pleasure were symbolic and had both direct and indirect manifestation. Ejaculation was reported to indicate a direct manifestation of sexual pleasure. Screams, facial and other expressions were reported to indicate indirect experiences of sexual pleasure, and were seen to be associated with female sexuality more than male sexuality. Women and men expressed sexual pleasure in a variety of ways (e.g., ejaculation, screaming, “good pain”, treating a partner nicely after sex, asking rhetoric questions during sex, and prolonged sex intercourse) and there were no differences in the meanings both women and men ascribed to sexual pleasure, regardless of their demographic profiles. Women reported experiencing sexual pleasure as their male partners did based on meanings they attach to erotic sensuality as expressed in romance, foreplay, and physical attractiveness. If sex is sexually stimulating (e.g., due to a partner’s agreeable personal hygiene), women would engage in it. Well-intentioned sexuality programmes emphasizing partners’ touching each other for pleasure, as well as educating partners to maintain erotic sensuality is compelling for inducing sexual pleasure.
Similar content being viewed by others
Notes
These meanings also pertain to other cultures in Ghana (e.g., the Ga-Dangme, the Mole-Dagbani, etc.).
These expressions also have different meanings depending on the context and the subgroups. For example, the expression among the Anlo can be used in relation to food or other general expressions. Hence, one should exercise caution beyond the interpretations offered in this context. This also pertains to the other languages used in this study, i.e., Twi, Ga, and Hausa.
References
Addai, I. (2000). Religious Affiliation and Sexual Initiation among Ghanaian Women. Review of Religious Research, 41, 328–343.
Adinkrah, M. (2012). Better dead than dishonored: Masculinity and male suicidal behavior in contemporary Ghana. Social Science Medicine, 74(4), 474–481.
Agyekum, K. (2010). Akan verbal taboos: In the context of ethnography of communication. Accra: Ghana Universities Press.
Ammah, R. (1992). Paradise lies at the feet of Muslim women. In M. A. Oduyoye & M. R. A. Kanyoro (Eds.), The will to arise: Women, tradition and the church in Africa (pp. 74–84). Maryknoll, NY: Orbis Books.
Ampofo, A. A. (2006). Intimate bargains: Sex workers and ‘free women’ negotiate their sexual space. In C. Oppong, M. Y. Oppong, & I. Odotei (Eds.), Sex and gender in an era of AIDS: Ghana at the turn of the millennium (pp. 137–169). Accra: Sub Saharan Publishers.
Bancroft, J., Loftus, J., & Long, J. S. (2003). Distress about sex: A national survey of women in heterosexual relationships. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 32, 193–208.
Baumeister, R. F., Catanese, K. R., & Vohs, K. D. (2001). Is there a gender difference in strength of sex drive? Theoretical views, conceptual distinctions, and a review of relevant evidence. Personality and Social Psychology Review, 5(3), 242–273.
Biernacki, P., & Waldorf, D. (1981). Snowballing sampling: Problems and techniques of chain referral sampling. Sociological Methods and Research, 10(2), 141–163.
Bryman, A. (2008). Social research methods (3rd ed.). New York: Oxford University Press.
Butler, J. (2011). Gender trouble: Feminism and the subversion of identity. New York: Routledge.
Byers, E. S. (2005). Relationship satisfaction and sexual satisfaction: A longitudinal study of individuals in long-term relationships. Journal of Sex Research, 42, 113–118.
Carroll, J. L. (2007). Sexuality now: Embracing diversity (2nd ed., pp. 1–20). USA: Wadsworth Publishing.
Fiaveh, D. Y., Izugbara, C. O., Okyerefo, M. P. K., Reysoo, F., & Fayorsey, C. K. (2015). Constructions of masculinity and femininity and sexual risk negotiation practices among women in urban Ghana. Culture, Health & Sexuality, 17(5), 650–662.
Foucault, M. (1990). The history of sexuality: The use of pleasure (Vol. II). New York: Vintage Books.
Ghana Demographic and Health Survey (GDHS). (2008). Preliminary report (April, 2009) (pp. 1–41). Accra: Ghana Statistical Service.
Gqola, P. D. (2005). Yindaba kaban’ u’ba ndilahl’ umlenze? Sexuality and body image. Agenda: Empowering Women for Gender Equity, 19(63), 3–9.
Ivaska, A. (2011). Cultured states: Youth, gender, and modern style in 1960s Dar es Salaam. London: Duke University Press.
Jackson, S., & Scott, S. (2002). Embodying orgasm: Gendered power relations and sexual pleasure. Women and Therapy, 24(1/2), 99–100.
Janghorbani, M. & Lam, T.H. (2003). Sexual media use by young adults in Hong Kong: Prevalence and associated factors. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 32, 545–553.
Jewkes, R., & Morrell, R. (2010). Gender and sexuality: Emerging perspectives from the heterosexual epidemic in South Africa and implications for HIV risk and prevention. Journal of the International AIDS Society, 13(6), 1–11. doi:10.1186/1758-2652-13-6.
Kennedy, A., & Dean, S. (1995). Touching for pleasure: A guide to message and sexual intimacy (2nd ed.). CA: Chatsworth Press.
Kinsey, A. C., Pomeroy, W. B., & Martin, C. E. (1968). Sexual behavior in the human male. Philadelphia and London: W. B. Saunders Company.
Kinsey, A. C., Pomeroy, W. B., Martin, C. E., & Gebhard, P. H. (1998). Sexual behavior in the human female. Bloomington & Indianapolis: Indiana University Press.
Kohl, J. V., & Francoeur, R. T. (1995). The scent of eros: Mysteries of odor in human sexuality. New York: Continuum.
Laumann, E. O., Gagnon, J. H., Michael, R. T., & Michaels, S. (1994). The social organization of sexuality. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Lehman, P. (2006). A “strange quirk in his lineage” Walter Mosely, Donald Goines, and the racial representation of the penis. Men and Masculinities, 9(2), 226–235.
Manning, C., & Zuckerman, P. (2005). Sex and religion. US: Thomson Wadsworth.
McFadden, P. (2003). Sexual pleasure as feminist choice. Feminist Africa, 2, 50–60.
Miller, G. F. (2000). Evolution of human music through sexual selection. In N. L. Wallin, B. Merker, & S. Brown (Eds.), The origins of music (pp. 329–360). Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
Mottier, V. (2013). The invention of sexuality. In F. G. Omokaro & F. Reysoo (Eds.), Chic, che’que, choc: Transactions autour des corps et strategie’s amoureuses contemporaines (pp. 23–38). Geneve, Berne: UNESCO.
Oriel, J. (2005). Sexual pleasure as a human right: Harmful or helpful to women in the context of HIV/AIDS? Women’s Studies International Forum, 28(5), 392–404.
Parish, W. L., Luo, Y., Stolzenberg, R., Laumann, E. O., Farrer, G., & Pan, S. (2007). Sexual practices and sexual satisfaction: A population based study of Chinese urban adults. Archives of Sexual Behaviour, 36(1), 5–20.
Peplau, L. A. (2003). Human sexuality: How do men and women differ? Current Directions in Psychological Science, 12(2), 37–40.
Pereira, C. (2003). Where angels fear to tread? Some thoughts on Patricia McFadden’s sexual pleasure as feminist choice. Feminist Africa, 2, 61–65.
Philpott, A., Knerr, W., & Boydell, V. (2006). Pleasure and prevention: When good sex is safer sex. Reproductive Health Matters, 14(28), 23–31.
Ratele, K. (2008). Masculinities, maleness and (illusive) pleasure. Working paper presented at the Africa Regional sexuality resource centre. South Africa: Institute of Social and Health Sciences.
Schwartz, P. (2000). Creating sexual pleasure and sexual justice in the twenty-first century. Contemporary Sociology: A Journal of Reviews, 291, 213–219.
Steinke, E. E., & Wright, D. W. (2006). The role of sexual satisfaction, age, and cardiac risk factors in the reduction of post-MI anxiety. European Journal of Cardiovascular Nursing, 5(3), 190–196.
Tamale, S. (2005). Eroticism, sensuality and “women’s secrets” among the Baganda: A critical analysis. Feminist Africa, 5, 9–36.
Tenkorang, E. Y. (2012). Negotiating safer sex among married women in Ghana. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 41(16), 1353–1362.
Waite, L. J., & Joyner, K. (2001). Emotional satisfaction and physical pleasure in sexual unions: Time horizon, sexual behavior, and sexual exclusivity. Journal of Marriage and Family, 63(1), 247–264.
World Health Organisation (WHO). (2006). Defining sexual health: Report of a technical consultation on sexual health, 28–31 January 2002. Geneva: WHO.
Acknowledgments
We are grateful to all the women and men who voluntarily participated in the study. This study was supported by the CODESRIA-Small Grants Programme for Thesis Writing [Ref: SGRT.11/T11] and a Ghana Studies Association Research Grant.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Appendix : Demographic Characteristics of Interviewees
Appendix : Demographic Characteristics of Interviewees
Interviewees # | Pseudonyms | Gender | Age | Ethnicity | Marital status | Duration of relationship | Education | Religion | Occupation |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
#1 | Sumaya | F | 36 | Basaare | Never married | 1 year | Primary | Muslim | Seamstress |
#2 | Fonyeh | M | 39 | Ewe | Married | 10 years | Tertiary: Postgrad | Christian | Lecturer |
#3 | Asantewaa | F | 43 | Asante | Married | 8 years | Middle school | Christian | Trader |
#4 | Memuna | F | 35 | Mossi | Remarried | 2 years | *SSS/SHS | Muslim | Trader |
#5 | Naa | F | 37 | Krobo | Remarried | 3 months | Tertiary: Postgrad | Christian | Lecturer |
#6 | Sitsofe | F | 31 | Ewe | Married | 2 years | Tertiary: Postgrad | Christian | Teacher |
#7 | Dism | M | 25 | Ewe | Divorced | 2 years | Tertiary: Undergrad | Christian | Social Worker |
#8 | Dogl | M | 28 | Asante | Never married | Not in relationship | Tertiary: undergrad | Christian | Medical Doctor |
#9 | Dzidzor | F | 38 | Ewe | Never married | 2 years | Vocational | Christian | Social Worker |
#10 | Natuama | M | 31 | Dagomba | Never married | 7 years | Tertiary: Undergrad | Muslim | Consultant |
#11 | Babaana | M | 28 | Dagomba | Never married | 4 years | Tertiary: Postgrad | Muslim | Civil Servant |
#12 | Kun | M | 28 | Krobo | Never married | Not in relationship | Tertiary: Undergrad | Christian | Medical Doctor |
#13 | Aida | F | 37 | Fante | Married | 11 years | Tertiary: Postgrad | Christian | Lecturer |
#14 | Hajia | F | 53 | Sisala | Married | 26 years | Never attended | Muslim | Trader |
#15 | Zu | F | 26 | Dagomba | Never married | 6 months | Tertiary: undergrad | Muslim | Student |
#16 | Azetiska | M | 33 | Sandema | Never married | Not in relationship | Tertiary: postgrad | Christian | Teacher |
#17 | Akosua | F | 32 | Asante | Never married | Not in relationship | Tertiary: Postgrad | Christian | Business Woman |
#18 | Rev | M | 67 | Asante | Divorced | 20 years | *SSS/JHS | Christian | Pub. Servant/Pastor |
#19 | Uncle | M | 73 | Asante | Divorced | 8 years | Primary (Three) | **Not religious | Retiree |
#20 | Nuru | M | 40+ | Ewe | Married | 5 years | Tertiary: Postgrad | Muslim | Health Admin |
#21 | Ante Nurse | F | 56 | Ewe | Divorced | 10 years of divorce | Post Secondary | Christian | Nurse |
#22 | Oko | M | 33 | Ga | Never married | 1 year | Tertiary: Undergrad | Christian | Student |
#23 | Koshie | F | 36 | Krobo | Married | 1 year | Post Secondary | Christian | Admin Assistant |
#24 | Gyamfua | F | 25 | Kwawu | Never married | 6 years | Tertiary: Postgrad | Christian | Student |
R25 | Akofa | F | 30 | Ewe | Never married | 2 years | Primary | Christian | Health assistant |
#26 | Korku | M | 33 | Ewe | Married | 6 years | Tertiary: Postgrad | **Not religious | Teacher |
#27 | Gustaf | M | 42 | Gonja | Married | 5 years | *SSS | Muslim | Businessman |
#28 | Baba | M | 53 | Sisala | Married | 10 years | Technical | Muslim | Contractor |
#29 | Maimagani | M | 46 | Fulani | Married | 12 years | Never attended | Muslim | Traditional Healer |
#30 | Aduro wora | F | 79 | Akwapim | Widow | 25 years | Never attended | **Not religious | Traditional Healer |
#31 | Oye-Mansa | F | 22 | Akyem | Married | 4 months | Tertiary: undergrad | Christian | Student |
#32 | Maame | F | 30 | Asante | Never married | 5 months | Tertiary: Postgrad | Christian | Teaching Assistant |
#33 | Adwoa | F | 33 | Akwapim | Married | 10 years | Undergrad | Christian | Teacher |
#34 | Jun | F | 31 | Ewe | Never married | Not in relationship | Postgrad | Christian | Nurse |
#35 | Wiafe | M | 38 | Asante | Never married | 2 years | Postgrad | Christian | Businessman |
#36 | Absu | F | 42 | Fante | Married | 8 years | Postgrad | Christian | Administrator |
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Fiaveh, D.Y., Okyerefo, M.P.K. & Fayorsey, C.K. Women’s Experiences of Sexual Pleasure in Ghana. Sexuality & Culture 19, 697–714 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12119-015-9290-5
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12119-015-9290-5