Abstract
Objectives
To detect prevalence of essential hypertension in early and mid adolescents and to identify various risk factors.
Methods
Blood pressure was recorded in 503 apparently normal school students in 10 to 16 yr age group as per standard guidelines. Detailed clinical examination was done in all cases. A detailed questionnaire was sent to parents.
Results
6.16% of adolescents had high blood pressure at the end of fourth screening. Both systolic and diastolic hypertensions were documented. Increased body mass index and reduced consumption of vegetables and fruits were found to be statistically significant risk factors for hypertension.
Conclusion
Multiple blood pressure recordings are essential for accurate diagnosis of hypertension. There is a high prevalence of essential hypertension amongst adolescents in Mysore city with modifiable risk factors for hypertension.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Taskforce in blood pressure control in children. Report of the second taskforce on blood pressure control in children — 1987. Pediatrics 1987; 79: 1–25.
Whincup PH, Cook DG, Shaper AG. Early influences in blood pressure: a study of children aged 5–7 years. BMJ 1989; 299: 587–591.
Munger RG, Prineas RJ, Gomez-Marin O. Persistent elevation of blood pressure among children with a family history of hypertension; the Minneapolis children’s blood pressure study. J Hypertens 1998; 6: 647–653.
Guptha AK. Influence of family history of morbid cardiovascular events on blood pressure levels of school children. Indian Pediatrics 1991; 28: 131–139.
Chadha SL, Tandon R, Shekhawat S, Gopinath N. An epidemiological study of blood pressure in school children (5–14 years) in Delhi. Indian Heart J 1999; 51: 178–182.
Bernstein D. Systemic hypertension. In Behrman RE, Kliegman RM, Jenson HB eds. Nelson Text Book of Pediatrics. 17th ed. Philadelphia; WB Saunders Co., 2004; 1592–1598.
Sinaiko AR. Hypertension in children. NEJM 1996; 335: 1968–1973.
The fourth report on the Diagnosis, Evaluation and Treatment of high blood pressure in children and adolescents. National High Blood Pressure Education Program working group on High Blood Pressure in Children and Adolescents. Pediatrics 2004; 114: 555–576.
Burke V, Gracey MP, Beilin LJ, Milligan RA. Family history as a predictor of blood pressure in a longitudinal study of Australian Children. J Hypertens 1998; 16: 269–276.
Genovesi S, Giussani M, Pieruzzi F, Vigorita F, Arcovio C, Cavuto S, Stella A. Results of blood pressure screening in a population of school aged children in the province of Milan. Role of overweight. J Hypertens 2005; 23: 493–497.
Sorof JM, Lai D, Turner J, Poffenbarger T, Portman RJ. Overweight, ethnicity and the prevalence of hypertension in school aged children. Pediatrics 2004; 113: 475–482.
Falkner B, Gidding SS, Ramirez-Garnica G, Wiltrout SA, West D, Rappaport EB. The relationship of body mass index and blood pressure in primary care Pediatric patients. J Pediatr 2006; 148: 195–200.
Verma M, Chhatwal J, George SM. Obesity and hypertension in children. Indian Pediatrics 1994; 31: 1065–1069.
Sukumar IP, Alurkar VM. Systemic high arterial pressure in children. Indian Heart J 1978; 30: 69.
Sainaiko AR, Gomez Marin O, Prineas RJ. Prevalence of “Significant” hypertension in junior high school aged children: The children and adolescent blood pressure program. J Pediatr 1989; 114: 664–669.
Mohan B, Kumar N, Aslam N, Rangbulla A, Kumbakarani S, Sood NK, Wander GS. Prevalence of sustained hypertension and obesity in urban and rural school going children in Ludhiana. Indian Heart J 2004; 56: 310–314.
Desai AB, Mukherjee D. Growth and development basic concepts. In Parthasarathy A, Agarwal KN, eds. IAP text book of Pediatrics, 3rd ed. New Delhi; Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers (P) Ltd. 2006; 73–77.
Anand NK, Tandon L. Prevalence of Hypertension in school going children. Indian Pediatrics 1996; 33: 377–381.
Guptha R. Metaanalysis of prevalence of hypertension in India. Indian Heart J 1997; 49: 43–48.
Adrogne HE, Sinaiko AR. Prevalence of Hypertension in Junior High School aged Children: effect of new recommendations in the 1996 updated taskforce report. Am J Hypertens 2001; 14: 412–414.
Fernandes MT, Sesso R, Martins PA, Sawaya AL. Increased Blood Pressure in Adolescents of low socio economic status with short stature. Pediatr Nephrol 2003; 18: 435–439.
Ng’andu NH. Blood Pressure levels of Zambian rural adolescents and their relationship to age, sex, weight, height and three weight for height indices. Int J Epidemiol 1992; 21: 246–252.
Sharma BK, Sagar S, Wahi PL, Talwar KK, Singh S, Kumar L. Blood Pressure in school children in North-West India. Am J Epidemiol 1991; 134: 1417–1426.
Krishna P, Prasannakumar KM, Desai N, Thennarasu K. Blood pressure reference tables for children and adolescents of Karnataka. Indian Pediatrics 2006; 43: 491–501.
Moussa MA, Skaik MB, Selwanes SB, Yaghy OY, Bin-Othman SA. Contribution of body fat and fat pattern to blood pressure level in school children. Eur J Clin Nutr 1994; 48: 587–590.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Savitha, M.R., Krishnamurthy, B., Fatthepur, S.S.R. et al. Essential hypertension in early and mid-adolescence. Indian J Pediatr 74, 1007–1011 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12098-007-0185-9
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12098-007-0185-9