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The role of pancreatic cancer-derived exosomes in cancer progress and their potential application as biomarkers

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Abstract

Pancreatic cancer is one of the most deadly cancers, with dismal prognosis due to its poor early detection rate and high metastatic rate. Thus, elucidation of the molecular mechanisms accounting for its metastasis and discovery of competent biomarkers is required. Exosomes are multivesicular body-derived small extracellular vesicles released by various cell types that serve as important message carriers during intercellular communication. They are also known to play critical roles during cancer-genesis, cancer-related immune reactions, and metastasis. They also possess promising potential as novel biomarkers for cancer early detection. Therefore, extensive studies on pancreatic cancer-derived exosomes are currently being performed because they hold the promising potential of elevating the overall survival rate of patients with pancreatic cancer. In the present review, we focus on the role of exosomes in pancreatic cancer-related immune reactions, metastasis, and complications, and on their potential application as pancreatic cancer biomarkers.

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Abbreviations

AFM:

Atomic force microscopy

BM:

Bone marrow

CAFs:

Cancer-associated fibroblasts

crExos:

Circulating exosomes

CP:

Chronic pancreatitis

CSC:

Cancer stem cell

DCs:

Dendritic cells

ESCRT:

Endosomal sorting complex required for transport

EMT:

Epithelial mesenchymal transition

exoDNA:

Exosomal DNA

exoRNA:

Exosomal RNA

EVs:

Extracellular vesicles

FACS:

Fluorescence-activated cell sorting

GPC1:

Glypican-1

ISEV:

International Society for Extracellular Vesicles

ILVs:

Intraluminal vesicles

LSPR:

Localized surface plasmon resonance

MIF:

Macrophage migration inhibitory factor

MVB:

Multivesicular body

NK cells:

Nature-killing cells

PaCa:

Pancreatic cancer

PDAC:

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas

PMs:

Plasma membranes

PEG:

Polyethylene glycol

PKM:

Pyruvate kinase

SNARE:

Soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive fusion attachment protein receptors

SAW:

Surface acoustic wave

TGF-β:

Transforming growth factor β

TEM:

Transmission electron microscopy

UC:

Ultracentrifugation

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110004, People’s Republic of China

    H. Jin & Y. Wu

  2. Department of Pancreatic and Thyroidal Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, No. 36, Sanhao Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110004, People’s Republic of China

    X. Tan

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  1. H. Jin
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  2. Y. Wu
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  3. X. Tan
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Correspondence to X. Tan.

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This study was funded by the Outstanding Scientific Fund of Shengjing Hospital (grant number M731).

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The authors have no potential conflicts of interest.

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This article does not contain any studies with human participants or animals performed by any of the authors.

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Jin, H., Wu, Y. & Tan, X. The role of pancreatic cancer-derived exosomes in cancer progress and their potential application as biomarkers. Clin Transl Oncol 19, 921–930 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12094-017-1625-2

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12094-017-1625-2

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