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Phase I feasibility trial of stereotactic body radiation therapy for primary hepatocellular carcinoma

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Abstract

Background

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is increasing in incidence and the majority of patients are not candidates for radical therapies. Therefore, interest in minimally invasive therapies in growing.

Methods

A Phase I dose escalation trial was conducted at Indiana University to determine the feasibility and toxicity of stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) for primary HCC. Eligible patients had Child-Turcotte-Pugh’s Class (CTP) A or B, were not candidates for resection, had 1–3 lesions and cumulative tumour diameter less than or equal to 6 cm. Dose escalation started at 36 Gy in 3 fractions (12 Gy/fraction) with a subsequent planned escalation of 2 Gy/fraction/level. Dose-limiting toxicity (DLT) was defined as Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events v3.0 grade 3 or greater toxicity.

Results

Seventeen patients with 25 lesions were enrolled. Dose was escalated to 48 Gy (16 Gy/fraction) in CTP-A patients without DLT. Two patients with CPC-B disease developed grade 3 hepatic toxicity at the 42-Gy (14 Gy/fraction) level. The protocol was amended for subsequent CTP-B patients to receive a regimen of 5 fractions starting at 40 Gy (8 Gy/fraction) with one patient experiencing progressive liver failure. Four additional patients were enrolled (one died of unrelated causes after an incomplete SBRT course) without DLT. The only factor related to more than one grade 3 or greater liver toxicity or death within 6 months was the CTP score (p=0.03). Six patients underwent a liver transplant. Ten patients are alive without progression with a median FU of 24 months (10–42 months), with local control/stabilisation of the disease of 100%. One and two-year Kaplan-Meier estimates for overall survival are 75% and 60%, respectively.

Conclusions

SBRT is a non-invasive feasible and well tolerated therapy in adequately selected patients with HCC. The preliminary local control and survival are encouraging. A confirmatory Phase II trial is currently open to accrual.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Radiation Oncology, Indiana University School of Medicine, 535 Barnhill Dr (RT041), Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA

    Higinia R. Cárdenes, Tracy R. Price, Mark A. Henderson, Kathy Tudor, Jill Deluca & Peter A. S. Johnstone

  2. Department of Medicine-Biostatistics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA

    Susan M. Perkins & T. E. Breen

  3. Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA

    Mary Maluccio

  4. Department of Internal Medicine-Hepatology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA

    P. Kwo

  5. Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Colorado-Denver, Denver, CO, USA

    Tracey E. Schefter

Authors
  1. Higinia R. Cárdenes
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  2. Tracy R. Price
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  3. Susan M. Perkins
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  4. Mary Maluccio
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  5. P. Kwo
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  6. T. E. Breen
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  7. Mark A. Henderson
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  9. Kathy Tudor
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  11. Peter A. S. Johnstone
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Correspondence to Higinia R. Cárdenes.

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Cárdenes, H.R., Price, T.R., Perkins, S.M. et al. Phase I feasibility trial of stereotactic body radiation therapy for primary hepatocellular carcinoma. Clin Transl Oncol 12, 218–225 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12094-010-0492-x

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12094-010-0492-x

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