Abbreviations
- CCKAR:
-
Cholecystokinin A receptor
- CCKBR:
-
Cholecystokinin B receptor
- ECL:
-
Enterochromaffin-like
- PPI:
-
Protein-protein interaction
- PTM:
-
Post-translational modification
- HPRD:
-
Human protein reference database
- SBML:
-
Systems biology markup language
- PSI-MI:
-
Proteomics standards initiative for molecular interaction
- BioPax:
-
Biological pathway exchange
References
Berna MJ, Hoffmann KM, Serrano J, Gibril F, Jensen RT (2006) Serum gastrin in Zollinger-Ellison syndrome: I. Prospective study of fasting serum gastrin in 309 patients from the National Institutes of Health and comparison with 2229 cases from the literature. Medicine (Baltimore) 85:295–330
Berna MJ, Tapia JA, Sancho V, Jensen RT (2007) Progress in developing cholecystokinin (CCK)/gastrin receptor ligands that have therapeutic potential. Curr Opin Pharmacol 7:583–592
Bloom SR, Mortimer CH, Thorner MO, Besser GM, Hall R, Gomez-Pan A, Roy VM, Russell RC, Coy DH, Kastin AJ, Schally AV (1974) Inhibition of gastrin and gastric-acid secretion by growth-hormone release-inhibiting hormone. Lancet 2:1106–1109
Boeckmann B, Bairoch A, Apweiler R, Blatter MC, Estreicher A, Gasteiger E, Martin MJ, Michoud K, O’Donovan C, Phan I, Pilbout S, Schneider M (2003) The SWISS-PROT protein knowledgebase and its supplement TrEMBL in 2003. Nucleic Acids Res 31:365–370
Clarke PA, Dickson JH, Harris JC, Grabowska A, Watson SA (2006) Gastrin enhances the angiogenic potential of endothelial cells via modulation of heparin-binding epidermal-like growth factor. Cancer Res 66:3504–3512
Demir E, Cary MP, Paley S, Fukuda K, Lemer C, Vastrik I, Wu G, D’Eustachio P, Schaefer C, Luciano J, Schacherer F, Martinez-Flores I, Hu Z, Jimenez-Jacinto V, Joshi-Tope G, Kandasamy K, Lopez-Fuentes AC, Mi H, Pichler E, Rodchenkov I, Splendiani A, Tkachev S, Zucker J, Gopinath G, Rajasimha H, Ramakrishnan R, Shah I, Syed M, Anwar N, Babur O, Blinov M, Brauner E, Corwin D, Donaldson S, Gibbons F, Goldberg R, Hornbeck P, Luna A, Murray-Rust P, Neumann E, Ruebenacker O, Samwald M, van Iersel M, Wimalaratne S, Allen K, Braun B, Whirl-Carrillo M, Cheung KH, Dahlquist K, Finney A, Gillespie M, Glass E, Gong L, Haw R, Honig M, Hubaut O, Kane D, Krupa S, Kutmon M, Leonard J, Marks D, Merberg D, Petri V, Pico A, Ravenscroft D, Ren L, Shah N, Sunshine M, Tang R, Whaley R, Letovksy S, Buetow KH, Rzhetsky A, Schachter V, Sobral BS, Dogrusoz U, McWeeney S, Aladjem M, Birney E, Collado-Vides J, Goto S, Hucka M, Le Novere N, Maltsev N, Pandey A, Thomas P, Wingender E, Karp PD, Sander C, Bader GD (2010) The BioPAX community standard for pathway data sharing. Nat Biotechnol 28:935–942
Dockray G, Dimaline R, Varro A (2005) Gastrin: old hormone, new functions. Pflugers Arch 449:344–355
Dufresne M, Seva C, Fourmy D (2006) Cholecystokinin and gastrin receptors. Physiol Rev 86:805–847
Edkins JS (1906) The chemical mechanism of gastric secretion. J Physiol 34:133–144
Ferrand A, Wang TC (2006) Gastrin and cancer: a review. Cancer Lett 238:15–29
Hamosh A, Scott AF, Amberger JS, Bocchini CA, McKusick VA (2005) Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (OMIM), a knowledgebase of human genes and genetic disorders. Nucleic Acids Res 33:D514–D517
Hansen OH, Pedersen T, Larsen JK, Rehfeld JF (1976) Effect of gastrin on gastric mucosal cell proliferation in man. Gut 17:536–541
Hermjakob H, Montecchi-Palazzi L, Bader G, Wojcik J, Salwinski L, Ceol A, Moore S, Orchard S, Sarkans U, von Mering C, Roechert B, Poux S, Jung E, Mersch H, Kersey P, Lappe M, Li Y, Zeng R, Rana D, Nikolski M, Husi H, Brun C, Shanker K, Grant SG, Sander C, Bork P, Zhu W, Pandey A, Brazma A, Jacq B, Vidal M, Sherman D, Legrain P, Cesareni G, Xenarios I, Eisenberg D, Steipe B, Hogue C, Apweiler R (2004) The HUPO PSI’s molecular interaction format–a community standard for the representation of protein interaction data. Nat Biotechnol 22:177–183
Hucka M, Finney A, Sauro HM, Bolouri H, Doyle JC, Kitano H, Arkin AP, Bornstein BJ, Bray D, Cornish-Bowden A, Cuellar AA, Dronov S, Gilles ED, Ginkel M, Gor V, Goryanin II, Hedley WJ, Hodgman TC, Hofmeyr JH, Hunter PJ, Juty NS, Kasberger JL, Kremling A, Kummer U, Le Novere N, Loew LM, Lucio D, Mendes P, Minch E, Mjolsness ED, Nakayama Y, Nelson MR, Nielsen PF, Sakurada T, Schaff JC, Shapiro BE, Shimizu TS, Spence HD, Stelling J, Takahashi K, Tomita M, Wagner J, Wang J (2003) The systems biology markup language (SBML): a medium for representation and exchange of biochemical network models. Bioinformatics 19:524–531
Ishizuka J, Martinez J, Townsend CM Jr, Thompson JC (1992) The effect of gastrin on growth of human stomach cancer cells. Ann Surg 215:528–534
Jain RN, Samuelson LC (2006) Differentiation of the gastric mucosa. II. Role of gastrin in gastric epithelial cell proliferation and maturation. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 291:G762–G765
Jensen RT (2002) Involvement of cholecystokinin/gastrin-related peptides and their receptors in clinical gastrointestinal disorders. Pharmacol Toxicol 91:333–350
Kandasamy K, Keerthikumar S, Raju R, Keshava Prasad TS, Ramachandra YL, Mohan S, Pandey A (2009) PathBuilder–open source software for annotating and developing pathway resources. Bioinformatics 25:2860–2862
Kandasamy K, Mohan SS, Raju R, Keerthikumar S, Kumar GS, Venugopal AK, Telikicherla D, Navarro JD, Mathivanan S, Pecquet C, Gollapudi SK, Tattikota SG, Mohan S, Padhukasahasram H, Subbannayya Y, Goel R, Jacob HK, Zhong J, Sekhar R, Nanjappa V, Balakrishnan L, Subbaiah R, Ramachandra YL, Rahiman BA, Prasad TS, Lin JX, Houtman JC, Desiderio S, Renauld JC, Constantinescu SN, Ohara O, Hirano T, Kubo M, Singh S, Khatri P, Draghici S, Bader GD, Sander C, Leonard WJ, Pandey A (2010) NetPath: a public resource of curated signal transduction pathways. Genome Biol 11:R3
Kanno N, Glaser S, Chowdhury U, Phinizy JL, Baiocchi L, Francis H, LeSage G, Alpini G (2001) Gastrin inhibits cholangiocarcinoma growth through increased apoptosis by activation of Ca2 + -dependent protein kinase C-alpha. J Hepatol 34:284–291
Kloppel G, Anlauf M (2007) Gastrinoma–morphological aspects. Wien Klin Wochenschr 119:579–584
Kopin AS, Lee YM, McBride EW, Miller LJ, Lu M, Lin HY, Kolakowski LF Jr, Beinborn M (1992) Expression cloning and characterization of the canine parietal cell gastrin receptor. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 89:3605–3609
Kulaksiz H, Arnold R, Goke B, Maronde E, Meyer M, Fahrenholz F, Forssmann WG, Eissele R (2000) Expression and cell-specific localization of the cholecystokinin B/gastrin receptor in the human stomach. Cell Tissue Res 299:289–298
Lacourse KA, Friis-Hansen L, Rehfeld JF, Samuelson LC (1997) Disturbed progastrin processing in carboxypeptidase E-deficient fat mice. FEBS Lett 416:45–50
Lefranc F, Mijatovic T, Mathieu V, Rorive S, Decaestecker C, Debeir O, Brotchi J, Van Ham P, Salmon I, Kiss R (2004) Characterization of gastrin-induced proangiogenic effects in vivo in orthotopic U373 experimental human glioblastomas and in vitro in human umbilical vein endothelial cells. Clin Cancer Res 10:8250–8265
Lehy T, Roucayrol AM, Mignon M (2000) Histomorphological characteristics of gastric mucosa in patients with Zollinger-Ellison syndrome or autoimmune gastric atrophy: role of gastrin and atrophying gastritis. Microsc Res Tech 48:327–338
Lund T, Geurts van Kessel AH, Haun S, Dixon JE (1986) The genes for human gastrin and cholecystokinin are located on different chromosomes. Hum Genet 73:77–80
Maglott D, Ostell J, Pruitt KD, Tatusova T (2011) Entrez Gene: gene-centered information at NCBI. Nucleic Acids Res 39:D52–D57
Noble PJ, Wilde G, White MR, Pennington SR, Dockray GJ, Varro A (2003) Stimulation of gastrin-CCKB receptor promotes migration of gastric AGS cells via multiple paracrine pathways. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 284:G75–G84
Orlando LA, Lenard L, Orlando RC (2007) Chronic hypergastrinemia: causes and consequences. Dig Dis Sci 52:2482–2489
Prasad TSK, Goel R, Kandasamy K, Keerthikumar S, Kumar S, Mathivanan S, Telikicherla D, Raju R, Shafreen B, Venugopal A, Balakrishnan L, Marimuthu A, Banerjee S, Somanathan DS, Sebastian A, Rani S, Ray S, Harrys Kishore CJ, Kanth S, Ahmed M, Kashyap MK, Mohmood R, Ramachandra YL, Krishna V, Rahiman BA, Mohan S, Ranganathan P, Ramabadran S, Chaerkady R, Pandey A (2009a) Human protein reference database–2009 update. Nucleic Acids Res 37:D767–D772
Prasad TSK, Kandasamy K, Pandey A (2009b) Human protein reference database and human proteinpedia as discovery tools for systems biology. Methods Mol Biol 577:67–79
Przemeck SM, Varro A, Berry D, Steele I, Wang TC, Dockray GJ, Pritchard DM (2008) Hypergastrinemia increases gastric epithelial susceptibility to apoptosis. Regul Pept 146:147–156
Raju R, Balakrishnan L, Nanjappa V, Bhattacharjee M, Getnet D, Muthusamy B, Kurian Thomas J, Sharma J, Rahiman BA, Harsha HC, Shankar S, Prasad TS, Mohan SS, Bader GD, Wani MR, Pandey A (2011a) A comprehensive manually curated reaction map of RANKL/RANK-signaling pathway. Database (Oxford) 2011:bar021
Raju R, Nanjappa V, Balakrishnan L, Radhakrishnan A, Thomas JK, Sharma J, Tian M, Palapetta SM, Subbannayya T, Sekhar NR, Muthusamy B, Goel R, Subbannayya Y, Telikicherla D, Bhattacharjee M, Pinto SM, Syed N, Srikanth MS, Sathe GJ, Ahmad S, Chavan SN, Kumar GS, Marimuthu A, Prasad TS, Harsha HC, Rahiman BA, Ohara O, Bader GD, Sujatha Mohan S, Schiemann WP, Pandey A (2011b) NetSlim: high-confidence curated signaling maps. Database (Oxford) 2011:bar032
Reeve JR Jr, Walsh JH, Tompkins RK, Hawke D, Shively JE (1984) Amino terminal fragments of human progastrin from gastrinoma. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 123:404–409
Rengifo-Cam W, Singh P (2004) Role of progastrins and gastrins and their receptors in GI and pancreatic cancers: targets for treatment. Curr Pharm Des 10:2345–2358
Sarkar S, Kantara C, Singh P (2012) Clathrin mediates endocytosis of progastrin and activates MAPKs: role of cell surface annexin A2. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 302:G712–G722
Scarpignato C, Kisfalvi I, D’Amato M, Varga G (1996) Effect of dexloxiglumide and spiroglumide, two new CCK-receptor antagonists, on gastric emptying and secretion in the rat: evaluation of their receptor selectivity in vivo. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 10:411–419
Schmitz F, Goke MN, Otte JM, Schrader H, Reimann B, Kruse ML, Siegel EG, Peters J, Herzig KH, Folsch UR, Schmidt WE (2001) Cellular expression of CCK-A and CCK-B/gastrin receptors in human gastric mucosa. Regul Pept 102:101–110
Singh P (2007) Role of Annexin-II in GI cancers: interaction with gastrins/progastrins. Cancer Lett 252:19–35
Singh P, Wu H, Clark C, Owlia A (2007) Annexin II binds progastrin and gastrin-like peptides, and mediates growth factor effects of autocrine and exogenous gastrins on colon cancer and intestinal epithelial cells. Oncogene 26:425–440
Soman S, Raju R, Sandhya VK, Advani J, Khan AA, Harsha HC, Prasad TS, Sudhakaran PR, Pandey A, Adishesha PK (2013) A multicellular signal transduction network of AGE/RAGE signaling. J Cell Commun Signal 7:19–23
Suarez-Pinzon WL, Lakey JR, Rabinovitch A (2008) Combination therapy with glucagon-like peptide-1 and gastrin induces beta-cell neogenesis from pancreatic duct cells in human islets transplanted in immunodeficient diabetic mice. Cell Transplant 17:631–640
Suarez-Pinzon WL, Yan Y, Power R, Brand SJ, Rabinovitch A (2005) Combination therapy with epidermal growth factor and gastrin increases beta-cell mass and reverses hyperglycemia in diabetic NOD mice. Diabetes 54:2596–2601
Todisco A, Ramamoorthy S, Witham T, Pausawasdi N, Srinivasan S, Dickinson CJ, Askari FK, Krametter D (2001) Molecular mechanisms for the antiapoptotic action of gastrin. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 280:G298–G307
van Iersel MP, Kelder T, Pico AR, Hanspers K, Coort S, Conklin BR, Evelo C (2008) Presenting and exploring biological pathways with PathVisio. BMC Bioinforma 9:399
Varro A, Voronina S, Dockray GJ (1995) Pathways of processing of the gastrin precursor in rat antral mucosa. J Clin Invest 95:1642–1649
Wang TC, Bonner-Weir S, Oates PS, Chulak M, Simon B, Merlino GT, Schmidt EV, Brand SJ (1993) Pancreatic gastrin stimulates islet differentiation of transforming growth factor alpha-induced ductular precursor cells. J Clin Invest 92:1349–1356
Watson S, Durrant L, Morris D (1989) Gastrin: growth enhancing effects on human gastric and colonic tumour cells. Br J Cancer 59:554–558
Wroblewski LE, Pritchard DM, Carter S, Varro A (2002) Gastrin-stimulated gastric epithelial cell invasion: the role and mechanism of increased matrix metalloproteinase 9 expression. Biochem J 365:873–879
Acknowledgements
We thank the Department of Biotechnology, Government of India for research support to the Institute of Bioinformatics, Bangalore. YS is a recipient of Senior Research Fellowship from University Grants Commission (UGC), Government of India.
Conflict of interest
No potential conflict of interest declared.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Yashwanth Subbannayya and Kumari Anuja contributed equally.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Subbannayya, Y., Anuja, K., Advani, J. et al. A network map of the gastrin signaling pathway. J. Cell Commun. Signal. 8, 165–170 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12079-014-0224-z
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12079-014-0224-z