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FAB classification of acute leukemia using an ensemble of neural networks

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Abstract

Acute leukemia is the most frequently occurring malignancy present in human blood and a kind of liquid cancer. This hematological disorder can impinge on bone marrow and lymphatic system. Accordingly, a computer-aided classification system is proposed for French–American–British classification of Acute Leukemia using an ensemble of neural networks which is validated on 180 microscopic blood images taken from online benchmark dataset. As per the requirement of pathologists in real-life examination scenario various objectives are formulated as (i) correct nucleus segmentation in blood cell image, (ii) correct classification of FAB classes of acute leukemia (L1, L2, L3, M2, M3, and M5). To accomplish these research objectives the proposed method consist of segmentation section, feature extraction section, feature pruning section and classification section. The classification of the proposed method consists of two subsections as subsection1 is comprised of single six class PCA based neural network as PCA-NN0 (L1/L2/L3/M2/M3/M5) and subsection 2 contains an ensemble of 15 binary PCA based neural network classifiers as PCA-NN1 (L1/L2), PCA-NN2(L1/L3), PCA-NN3(L1/M2), PCA-NN4(L1/M3), PCA-NN5(L1/M5), PCA-NN6(L2/L3), PCA-NN7(L2/M2), PCA-NN8(L2/M3), PCA-NN9(L2/M5), PCA-NN10(L3/M2), PCA-NN11(L3/M3), PCA-NN12(L3/M5), PCA-NN13(M2/M3), PCA-NN14(M2/M5), PCA-NN15(M3/M5). The achieved accuracy for experiment 1 is 86.4% using PCA-NN0. The output of two most plausible classes predicted by PCA-NN0 is passed to other binary PCA based neural network i.e. PCA-NN1 to PCA-NN15. After passing all the test images to subsection 2, the achieved accuracy is 94.2% from the exhaustive experiment 2. The outcome of the work verifies the capabilities of computer-aided classification system to substitute the conventional diagnostic systems.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. DIT University, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India

    Jyoti Rawat

  2. CSIR-Central Scientific Instruments Organization, Chandigarh, India

    Jitendra Virmani

  3. G.B. Pant Institute of Engineering and Technology, Pauri Garhwal, UK, India

    Annapurna Singh & H. S. Bhadauria

  4. Graphic Era Hill University, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India

    Indrajeet Kumar

  5. M. M. Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Solan, HP, India

    J. S. Devgan

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  1. Jyoti Rawat
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  2. Jitendra Virmani
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  3. Annapurna Singh
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  4. H. S. Bhadauria
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  5. Indrajeet Kumar
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  6. J. S. Devgan
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Rawat, J., Virmani, J., Singh, A. et al. FAB classification of acute leukemia using an ensemble of neural networks. Evol. Intel. 15, 99–117 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12065-020-00491-9

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