Abstract
Objective
Prosthetic valve endocarditis is a catastrophic complication of cardiac valve replacement associated with significant morbidity and high mortality. The aim of this study was to assess the risk factors leading to the development of prosthetic valve endocarditis.
Methods
This is a retrospective case control study conducted at our tertiary care center. All valve replacement cases were retrospectively evaluated from Jan 2003 to Dec 2007. Cases were defined as those patients with either definite or possible infective endocarditis according to the modified Dukes’ criteria. Controls were patients undergoing prosthetic valve replacement who at the time of study did not have infective endocarditis. Cases and controls were matched by sex, age at operation (±5 years) and date of operation (±6 months).
Results
From Jan 2003 to Dec 2007, 2956 patients underwent valve replacement surgery at our center. There were 25 cases of definite or possible infective endocarditis. 50 controls were selected. New York Heart Association (NYHA) functional class III / IV, history of previous chest surgery, history of smoking, fever in intensive care unit, wound infection and previous history of endocarditis were strongly associated with development of infective endocarditis. Factors which were found not to be significantly associated were history of alcohol consumption, Diabetes Mellitus, presence of atrial fibrillation, type of operation (elective/urgent), and the type of prosthesis (mechanical heart valve/tissue valve).
Conclusions
Intrinsic risk factors (like NYHA functional class) and post-operative factors (like wound infection and fever) are important predictors of development of infective endocarditis.
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Agarwal, S., Rawtani, S., Geelani, M.A. et al. Risk factors for prosthetic valve endocarditis—A case control study. Indian J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 25, 102–106 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12055-009-0013-0
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12055-009-0013-0