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Cassava Production and Pest Management: Present and Potential Threats in a Changing Environment

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Abstract

Cassava is attacked by a complex of arthropod pests across the tropical regions of the world where the crop is grown. Root yield losses have been recorded for several pests, including mites, mealybugs, whiteflies, hornworm, lacebugs, thrips and burrower bugs. Agronomic characteristics such as vegetative propagation, a long growth cycle, drought tolerance, staggered planting dates and intercropping contribute to the considerable diversity of pests that feed on the crop. The dynamics of cassava production are evolving as trends in the food, feed and industrial starch sector are leading to an increased demand for high quality starches. The resulting shift to larger scale production units, expansion of cultivated area and modifications in crop management combined with the effects of climate change, especially warmer temperatures and altered rainfall patterns, affect the occurrence and dynamics of arthropod pests in cassava agro ecosystems. Data is presented to describe the effects of temperature and dry seasons on key pest species. Whiteflies, mites and mealybugs register a suitability increase in the same areas in South America: Northeastern Brazil, Northern Argentina, South-Central Bolivia, and Southwest Peru. In Africa increases are projected in Southeast Africa and Madagascar. In Asia, regions with greater projected suitability for these pest species are Coastal India and Southeast Asia. Future trends and important criteria that will influence the severity and management of key pests are discussed.

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Abbreviations

BCCR-BCM:

Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research-Bergen Climate Model

CBSD:

Cassava Brown Streak Disease

CCCMA-CGSM:

Canadian Centre for Climate Modelling and Analysis

CGM:

Cassava Green Mites

CIAT:

International Center for Tropical Agriculture

CMD:

Cassava Mosaic Disease

CNFM:

Centro Nacional de Pesquisa de Mandioca e Fruticultura (National Cassava & Fruits Research Center)

CNRM:

Centre National de Recherches Météorologiques

CORPOICA:

Colombian Corporation for Agricultural Research

CSIRO:

Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation

EMBRAPA:

Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária (Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation)

GFDL:

Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory

GISS:

Goddard Institute for Space Studies (NASA)

HPR:

Host Plant Resistance

IAP- FGOALS:

Institute of Atmospheric Physics

IIBC:

International Institute of Biological Control

IITA:

International Institute for Tropical Agriculture

IPM:

Integrated Pest Management

MADR:

Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Development

MIROC:

Model for Interdisciplinary Research on Climate

MIUB-ECHO-G:

Meteorological Institute of the University of Bonn

MPI:

Max Planck Institute for Meteorology

MRI:

Meteorological Research Institute

NCAR-PCM:

National Center for Atmospheric Research-Parallel Climate Model

NIES:

National Institute for Environmental Studies

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  1. International Center for Tropical Agriculture, A.A.6713, Cali, Colombia

    Anthony Bellotti, Beatriz Vanessa Herrera Campo & Glenn Hyman

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  1. Anthony Bellotti
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  2. Beatriz Vanessa Herrera Campo
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Communicated by: Nigel Taylor

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Bellotti, A., Herrera Campo, B.V. & Hyman, G. Cassava Production and Pest Management: Present and Potential Threats in a Changing Environment. Tropical Plant Biol. 5, 39–72 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12042-011-9091-4

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