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Evaluating homogeneity of monsoon rainfall in Saraswati River basin of Gujarat, India

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Abstract

This study investigates presence/absence of homogeneity in 32-yr (1981–2012) rainfall record of four individual monsoon months (June–September) and monsoon season (JJAS) for 16 stations in Saraswati River basin, Gujarat, India. Temporal homogeneity is examined by Hartley, Link-Wallace, Bartlett, and Tukey tests, and spatial homogeneity is tested by Levene’s and Tukey tests. Coefficient of variation for rainfall in June (72–163%), July (48–100%), August (78–114%) and September (93–127%) indicate a large variability in comparison to that in JJAS period (45–60%). Correlation coefficient (r) finds moderately significant (r ≥ 0.7) to highly significant (0.7 > r ≥ 0.3) relationships in rainfall for 68 (57%), 120 (100%), 120 (100%), 109 (91%), and 120 (100%) pairs of stations in June, July, August, September, and JJAS, respectively. Distribution of rainfall is uniform and stable in July, and hence, kharif crops may be sown in July to mitigate impact of uncertain rainfall on agriculture. Dissimilar results of four homogeneity tests justify approach of adopting multiple statistical tests. Considering the likely findings of Link–Wallace and Tukey tests, both are recommended for testing homogeneity. Non-homogeneity is found at Paswadal (June, September, and JJAS), Navawas (August and JJAS), Palanpur (JJAS), and Pilucha (September) stations. The Levene’s test reveals spatial homogeneity in July, August, September, and JJAS; and non-homogeneity in June. Hierarchical cluster analysis delineates four clusters of rainfall stations in four months and JJAS with their geographically distinct locations and a remarkable difference in inter-annual rainfall dynamics.

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Acknowledgements

First author acknowledges all facilities provided by the Director, ICAR-Central Arid Zone Research Institute, Jodhpur, India for carrying out this study. The authors are grateful to the anonymous reviewer for their constructive suggestions, which greatly enhanced the quality of an earlier version of this paper.

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Author notes

  1. Sanjay Kumar

    Present address: College of Forestry, Banda University of Agriculture and Technology, Uttar Pradesh, Banda, India

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Division of Natural Resources, ICAR-Central Arid Zone Research Institute, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, 342 003, India

    Deepesh Machiwal & Hari Mohan Meena

  2. Sardarkrushinagar Dantiwada Agricultural University, Dantiwada, Gujarat, India

    B S Parmar & B S Deora

  3. Krishi Vigyan Kendra, ICAR-Central Arid Zone Research Institute, Bhuj, Gujarat, 370 105, India

    Sanjay Kumar

Authors
  1. Deepesh Machiwal
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  2. B S Parmar
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  3. Sanjay Kumar
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  4. Hari Mohan Meena
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  5. B S Deora
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Contributions

Deepesh Machiwal: Conceptualization, methodology, formal analysis, investigation, interpretation of results, writing and editing manuscript. B S Parmar: Data and resources. Sanjay Kumar: Resources and GIS figures. Hari Mohan Meena: Review, methodology. B S Deora: Supervision.

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Correspondence to Deepesh Machiwal.

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Communicated by Kavirajan Rajendran

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Machiwal, D., Parmar, B.S., Kumar, S. et al. Evaluating homogeneity of monsoon rainfall in Saraswati River basin of Gujarat, India. J Earth Syst Sci 130, 181 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12040-021-01671-6

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12040-021-01671-6

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