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Lithofacies analysis of volcanics and volcaniclastics of an ancient volcanic terrain with signatures of subaerial plinian volcanism: An example from Neoarchaean-Palaeoproterozoic Nandgaon Group, Bastar Craton, central India

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Abstract

The N–S trending Neoarchaean to Palaeoproterozoic Dongargarh–Kotri belt in the Bastar Craton in central India exposes bimodal volcanics and volcaniclastics of the Nandgaon Group. In this contribution, lithofacies analysis of the Nandgaon Group has been attempted mainly based on distribution of rhyolites, basalts and pyroclastics in this ancient volcanic terrain, their field characteristics and petrography. The study area in the central part of the belt around Dongargaon–Gotatola area can be two distinct domains based on distribution and composition of volcanics and volcaniclastics. Domain-I comprises coherent and autoclastic rhyolite, and Domain-II with basic lava and pyroclastics. The rhyolites of Domain-I can be further divided into feldspar quartz phyric, quartz phyric, aphyric, and autoclastic rhyolites. Basic lava of Domain-II includes basalt and andesitic basalt. The associated volcaniclastics are mainly coarse lapilli tuff, fine lapilli tuff and ash beds. Field characteristics of coherent lavas and volcaniclastics attest to phreato-magmatically controlled plinian to sub-plinian style of eruptions. Effusive and explosive eruptive processes through multiple vents gave rise to the observed volcanic sequences. This study indicates that subaerial volcanism initially led to formation of felsic ignimbrites and ash deposits followed by effusive rhyolite lava flows. Subsequently, mafic volcanism occurred giving rise to pyroclastic flows and surges, followed by effusive mafic lava flows.

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Acknowledgements

The authors extend their sincere thanks to the Additional Director General and HoD, Geological Survey of India, Central Region for giving opportunity to work in the area and for the necessary permission to publish the work. Authors are thankful to the Deputy Director General, GSI, SU: Chhattisgarh, Raipur for their administrative, financial and technical help during the execution of the fieldwork and laboratory studies. The authors also extend their gratitude to the anonymous reviewers for their critical review and suggestions to improve the manuscript.

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  1. Geological Survey of India, Central Region, State Unit: Chhattisgarh, Raipur, India

    Maitrayee Chakraborty, Samir Debnath & Satya Narayana Mahapatro

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Contributions

Maitrayee Chakraborty: Field data collection, data curation, project execution and writing original draft. Samir Debnath: Field data collection, data curation, project execution and writing original draft, analysis and software. Satya Narayana Mahapatro: Conceptualisation, supervision, methodology, investigation, writing original draft, review and editing.

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Correspondence to Samir Debnath.

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Communicated by N V Chalapathi Rao

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Chakraborty, M., Debnath, S. & Mahapatro, S.N. Lithofacies analysis of volcanics and volcaniclastics of an ancient volcanic terrain with signatures of subaerial plinian volcanism: An example from Neoarchaean-Palaeoproterozoic Nandgaon Group, Bastar Craton, central India. J Earth Syst Sci 130, 145 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12040-021-01656-5

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