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Application of multi-criteria decision making (MCDM) and electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) techniques for identification of groundwater recharge zone(s) in granitic hard rock aquifer

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Abstract

Groundwater recharge is a hydrological process where water flows from sub-surface layers to the water table of the aquifer and is the backbone of the hydrogeological system. The present study is carried out in a granitic hard rock aquifer region within and surroundings of the CSIR-NGRI campus, Hyderabad. The aim of this study to identify the potential groundwater recharge zone(s) using GIS based multi-criteria decision making (MCDM) along with sub-surface mapping from Electrical Resistivity Tomography (ERT) technique. The assigned weight of the different thematic layers of surface and sub-surface parameters and their specific characteristics was determined based on their relative contribution to the groundwater recharge and thus the normalized weight was computed using MCDM technique. These thematic layers were integrated with the help of ArcGIS to accurately identify the recharge zones within the study region. The resulting recharge map has been categorized into five classes viz., very poor, poor, moderate, good and very good. Numerically 23.11% of the study area is in a moderate zone of recharge, 4.97% in good and very good zone, while 71.92% falls under the poor and very poor zone, i.e., unsuitable for groundwater recharge. The recharge zone map of the study area is found to be in agreement with 2D inverted resistivity models for two different time periods, which revealed distinct geological features and thus identified the near surface recharge property, where recharge zone resistivity values lie between ~20 and 70 Ω.m up to 11 m depth. Thus, the integrated results from the present study delineated groundwater recharge zone(s) for sustainable groundwater resources in the granitic hard rock system.

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Acknowledgements

The authors express their gratitude to Dr V M Tiwari, Director and all the respected members of the SAC committee of CSIR-National Geophysical Research Institute, Hyderabad, India for bestowing this opportunity to carry out this research work at CSIR-NGRI, Hyderabad, which is a part of M.Tech dissertation work of the 1st author. Further 1st author extends her acknowledgment to Prof. H P Singh (Head), Department of Water Engineering and Management, Central University of Jharkhand, Ranchi for his kind permission to carry out this work. The CSIR-NGRI library reference number of the manuscript is NGRI/Lib/2020/Pub-97. The critical review of the manuscript and the factual comments and suggestions by the anonymous reviewers had significantly improved the quality of this research paper.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. CSIR-National Geophysical Research Institute, Hyderabad, 500 007, India

    Dewashish Kumar

  2. Central University of Jharkhand, Ranchi, 835 205, India

    Archana Kumari & Pratibha Warwade

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  1. Archana Kumari
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  2. Dewashish Kumar
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  3. Pratibha Warwade
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Contributions

Archana Kumari had done extensive work on the multi-criteria decision making (MCDM) using remote sensing and GIS dataset and evolved the various thematic layers/maps of the study area in the identification of groundwater recharge zones in granitic hard rock aquifer. Dewashish Kumar had done the electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) data acquisition, processing and modelling of the ERT dataset and integrated with the prepared maps of the various thematic layers of the area in order to achieve the meaning results and findings using the two different approaches applied in hard rock aquifer. Pratibha Warwade had helped in GIS and remote sensing dataset and analyzing them for the preparation of the various thematic layers and their application in groundwater study.

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Correspondence to Dewashish Kumar.

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Communicated by Arkoprovo Biswas

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Kumari, A., Kumar, D. & Warwade, P. Application of multi-criteria decision making (MCDM) and electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) techniques for identification of groundwater recharge zone(s) in granitic hard rock aquifer. J Earth Syst Sci 130, 81 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12040-021-01577-3

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