Each geomorphic hazard involves a degree of risk which incorporates quantification of the probability that a hazard will be harmful. At present, the categorization of sub-watersheds into erosion risk is considered as the fundamental step to conserve the soil loss. Development of badlands over the laterites of Birbhum district is an indicative of excessive soil loss in the monsoonal wet-dry type of climate. Slope erosion and channel erosion have generated huge amount of sediment from the small watersheds during intense monsoonal rainfall (June–September). The adjoining areas of Rampurhat I Block, Birbhum (West Bengal) and Shikaripara Block, Dumka (Jharkhand) have lost the lateritic soil cover at a rate of 20–40 ton/ha/year (Sarkar et al. 2005). In order to estimate the progressive removal of soil particles from the gully-catchments of the above-mentioned area, different morphometric parameters, soil parameters, hydrologic parameters and empirical models are employed. Side by side, the study is carried out to categorize the gully-catchments into different magnitude of erosion risk using several multivariate statistical techniques.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Abrahams A D (ed.) 1964 Hillslope Hydrology (Boston: Allen and Unwin), pp. 16–38.
Arnolds A 1980 Lupinurannsoknir Rannsoknastofnun Landbunaoarins; Report 59.
Bell F G 1999 Geological hazards: Their assessment, avoidance and mitigation, E and Fn Spon, London, pp. 11–13, 396–440.
Blinkov I and Kostadinov S 2010 Applicability of various erosion risk assessment methods for engineering purposes: http://-balwois.com/balwois/administration/full_paper/ffp-1693.pdf.
Boardman J, Shepheard M L, Walker E and Foster I D L 2009 Soil erosion and risk-assessment for on- and off-farm impacts: A test case using the Midhurst area, West Sussex, UK; J. Environ. Manag. 90(8) 1–11.
Chorley R J 1969 The drainage basin as the fundamental geomorphic unit; In: Water, Earth and Man (ed.) Chorley R J (London: Methuen), pp. 77–98.
Chorley R J, Schumm S A and Sugden D E 1984 Geomorphology (London: Methuen), pp. 316–324.
Chow V T (ed.) 1964 Handbook of Applied Hydrology (New York: McGraw-Hill Book Company), pp. 4-39–4-72.
Chow V T, Maidment D R and Mays L W 1988 Applied Hydrology (New York: McGraw-Hill Book Company), pp. 147–152, 496–502.
Cooke R U and Doornkamp J C 1987 Geomorphology in Environmental Management, Clarendon Press, Oxford.
Doornkamp J C and King C A M 1971 Numerical Analysis in Geomorphology (New York: St. Martin’s Press), pp. 1–98.
Douglas I 1976 Erosion rates and climate: Geomorphological implications; In: Geomorphology and Climate (ed.) Derbyshire E (London: John Wiley and Sons), pp. 269–284.
Fournier F 1960 Climat et erosion: La relation entre l’erosion du sol par l’eau et les precipitations atmospheriques; Presses Universitaries de France.
Gerrard A J 1981 Soils and landforms: An integration of geomorphology and pedology (London: George Allen and Unwin), pp. 16–60.
Gregory S 1977 Statistical Methods and the Geographers (New York: Longman Scientific and Technical), pp. 47–48.
Horton R E 1945 Erosional development of streams and their drainage basins: Hydrophysical approach to quantitative morphology; Geol. Soc. Am. Bull. 56 275–370.
Hudson N 1984 Soil Conservation; (London: English Language Book Society), pp. 62–87, 113–127.
Hundy A and Banerjee S 1967 Geology and mineral resources of West Bengal; Memoirs of the GSI, Delhi 97 44–54.
Jha M K and Paudel R C 2010 Erosion predictions by empirical models in a mountainous watershed in Nepal; J. Spatial Hydrol. 10(1) 89–102.
Jha V C and Kapat S 2009 Rill and gully erosion risk of lateritic terrain in south-western Birbhum District, West Bengal, India; Sociedade & Natureza, Uberlândia 21(2) 141–158.
Khosla A N 1949 Analysis and utilization of data for the appraisal of water resources; The Central Board of Irrigation and Power Journal, Delhi 6(4) 410–422.
Kothari C R 2009 Research Methodology (New Delhi: New Age International Publishers), pp. 315–340.
Kirkby M J 1969a Erosion by water on hillslopes; In: Water, Earth and Man (ed.) Chorley R J (London: Methuen), pp. 229–238.
Kirkby M J 1969b Infiltration, through flow and overland flow; In: Water, Earth and Man (ed.) Chorley R J (London: Methuen), pp. 215–226.
Kirkby M J 1976 Hydrological slope models: The influence of climate; In: Geomorphology and Climate (ed.) Derbyshire E (London: John Wiley and Sons), pp. 247–266.
McFarlane M J 1976 Laterite and Landscape (London: Academic Press), pp. 91–108.
Melton M A 1958 Geometric properties of mature drainage systems and their representation in an E4 phase space; J. Geol. 66 35–54.
Morgan R P C 1974 Estimating regional variations in soil erosion hazard in Peninsular Malaysia; Malay Nature Journal 28 94–106.
Morgan R P C 1987 A system approach to conservation tillage; Experimental Agriculture 23(1) 107.
Morgan R P C 2001 A simple approach to soil loss prediction: A revised Morgan–Morgan-Finney Model; Catena 44 305–322.
Morgan R P C 2005 Soil Erosion and Conservation (Malden: Blackwell Publishing), pp. 67–157.
Morisawa M 1985 Rivers: Form and processes; Longman, London.
Parsons A J 2005 Erosion and sediment transport by water on hillslopes; In: Encyclopedia of Hydrological Sciences (ed.) Anderson M G (New York: John Wiley and Sons Ltd), pp. 1199–1205.
Roose E J 1975 Natural mulch or chemical conditioners for reducing soil erosion in humid tropical area; Soil Science Society of Civil Engineers 98 2087–2098.
Rousseva S, Lazarov A, Stefanova V and Malinov I 2000 Soil Erosion Risk Assessments in Bulgaria; http://-balwois.com/balwois/administration/full_paper/ffp-608.pdf.
Sarkar D, Dutta D, Nayak D C and Gajbhiye K S et al. 2005 Soil erosion of West Bengal; National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land Use Planning, NBSS Publ. 117, Nagpur.
Sarkar D, Dutta D, Nayak D C and Gajbhiye K S 2007 Optimizing land use of Birbhum District (West Bengal) soil resource assessment; National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land Use Planning, NBSS Publ., Nagpur, 130 1–33.
Schumm S A 1956 Evolution of drainage systems and slopes in badlands at Perth Amboy; Geol. Soc. Am. Bull. 67 597–646.
Sen J, Sen S and Bandyopadhyay S 2004 Geomorphological investigation of badlands: A case study at Garhbeta, West Medinipur District, West Bengal, India; In: Geomorphology and Environment (eds) Singh S, Sharma H S and De S K (Kolkata: ACB Publication), pp. 204–234.
Shrestha D P 1997 Assessment of soil erosion in the Nepalese Himalaya: A case study in Likhu Khola Valley, Middele Mountain Region; Oxford & IBH Publishing Co. Pvt. Ltd, Land Husbandry 2(1) 59–80.
Singh K 2007 Quantitative Social Research Methods; Sage Publications, Los Angeles, pp. 202–213.
Stoddart D R 1969 World erosion and sedimentation; In: Water, Earth and Man (ed.) Chorley R J (London: Methuen), pp. 43–63.
Stone R P and Hilbon D 2000 Universal Soil Loss Equation; Factsheet, Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs, Ontario.
Wan Z and Sangchyoswat C 2010 Soil erosion risk assessment using GIS and Farmer’s Perception: A case study in dry zone area of central region of Myanmar; http://www.mcc.cmu.ac.th/Seminar/pdf/1534.pdf.
Williams J R and Berndt H D 1972 Sediment yield computed with universal equation; Proc. Am. Soc. Civil Engineers 98 2087–2098.
Williams J R 1977 Sediment delivery ratios determined with sediment and runoff models; Int. Assoc. Hydrol. Sci. Publ. 122 168–179.
Wischmeier W H and Smith D D 1972 Predicting rainfall–erosion losses from cropland and east of the Rocky Mountains, USDA; Agriculture Handbook No. 282, Washington, pp. 1–43.
Wischmeier W H and Smith D D 1978 Predicting rainfall-erosion losses: A guide to conservation planning, USDA; Agriculture Handbook No. 537, Washington, pp. 1–32.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
GHOSH, S., BHATTACHARYA, K. Multivariate erosion risk assessment of lateritic badlands of Birbhum (West Bengal, India): A case study. J Earth Syst Sci 121, 1441–1454 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12040-012-0243-1
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12040-012-0243-1