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Nature of light rain during presence and absence of bright band

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Abstract

This paper reports the evolution of rain drop size distribution (DSD) during bright band (BB) and no-BB (NBB) conditions of low intensity rainfall events as observed by a vertically pointing Micro Rain Radar (MRR) over Pune (18.58°N, 73.92°E), India. The BB is identified by enhanced radar reflectivity factor Z (dBZ) at the 0°C isotherm. The gradient of hydrometeor fall velocity is found to be a good indicator in identifying the melting layer when enhanced radar reflectivity at melting layer is not prominent. The storm structures as observed by the MRR are compared with CloudSat observations that provide evidence of ice hydrometeor at ~ −60°C with clear indication of BB at 0°C. Storm heights at warmer than 0°C are evident during NBB conditions from CloudSat. This suggests that warm rain processes are responsible for producing rain during NBB conditions. During BB conditions, bimodal DSDs below the melting layer are observed at lower altitudes. The DSDs of shallow warm precipitating systems of NBB conditions are monomodal at all the altitudes. Significantly, normalized DSDs are found to be bimodal for BB conditions, and monomodal for NBB conditions which confirm different dominant microphysical processes. It is found that the observed bimodal DSDs during BB conditions are mainly due to the collision, coalescence and break-up processes. During NBB conditions, number and size of large raindrops grow while reaching the ground without much breakup. The radar reflectivity and rainfall intensity R (mmh − 1) relationship of the form Z = aR b are found out for BB and NBB conditions. Existing different microphysical processes lead to large coefficient in the Z–R relationship with small exponent during BB conditions while during NBB conditions the coefficients are small with large exponents.

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Acknowledgements

The Indian Institute of Tropical Meteorology is funded by Ministry of Earth Sciences, Govt of India. Authors thank Prof. B N Goswami, Director, IITM for the constant encouragement and support. They are thankful to Dr. V Gopalkrishnan, IITM for providing the OTT parsivel disdrometer data and to CloudSat science teams for their efforts and cooperation in providing the data used here. The authors are thankful to the two anonymous reviewers and the editor for their comments and suggestions to improve the manuscript.

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  1. Indian Institute of Tropical Meteorology, Pune, 411 008, India

    MAHEN KONWAR, R S MAHESKUMAR, S K DAS & S B MORWAL

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  1. MAHEN KONWAR
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  2. R S MAHESKUMAR
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Correspondence to MAHEN KONWAR.

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KONWAR, M., MAHESKUMAR, R.S., DAS, S.K. et al. Nature of light rain during presence and absence of bright band. J Earth Syst Sci 121, 947–961 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12040-012-0202-x

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