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In vitro and in vivo neurogenic potential of mesenchymal stem cells isolated from different sources

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Abstract

Regenerative medicine is an evolving interdisciplinary topic of research involving numerous technological methods that utilize stem cells to repair damaged tissues. Particularly, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are a great tool in regenerative medicine because of their lack of tumorogenicity, immunogenicity and ability to perform immunomodulatory as well as anti-inflammatory functions. Numerous studies have investigated the role of MSCs in tissue repair and modulation of allogeneic immune responses. MSCs derived from different sources hold unique regenerative potential as they are self-renewing and can differentiate into chondrocytes, osteoblasts, adipocytes, cardiomyocytes, hepatocytes, endothelial and neuronal cells, among which neuronal-like cells have gained special interest. MSCs also have the ability to secrete multiple bioactive molecules capable of stimulating recovery of injured cells and inhibiting inflammation. In this review we focus on neural differentiation potential of MSCs isolated from different sources and how certain growth factors/small molecules can be used to derive neuronal phenotypes from MSCs. We also discuss the efficacy of MSCs when transplanted in vivo and how they can generate certain neurons and lead to relief or recovery of the diseased condition. Furthermore, we have tried to evaluate the appropriate merits of different sources of MSCs with respect to their propensity towards neurological differentiation as well as their effectiveness in preclinical studies.

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Abbreviations

AD:

Alzheimer’s disease

AF:

amniotic fluid

AM:

amniotic membrane

BDNF:

brain-derived neurotrophic factor

bFGF:

basic fibroblast growth factor

BM:

bone marrow

BME:

β-mercaptoethanol

ChAT:

choline acetyltransferase

CTNF:

ciliaryneurotrophic factor

DA:

dopaminergic

EGF:

epithelium growth factor

FSL:

Flinders sensitive line

GDNF:

glial-derived neurotrophic factor

HCNP:

hippocampal cholinergic neurostimulating peptide

IBMX:

isobutylmethylxanthine

MSC:

mesenchymal stem cells

NGF:

nerve growth factor

NGF:

nerve growth factor

NIM:

neuronal induction medium

NIM:

neuronal induction medium

RA:

retinoic acid

rDHE:

rat denervated hippocampal extract

SHED:

stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth

SLC:

Schwann like cells

TRAIL:

tumour necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand

UPDRS:

Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale

WJ:

Wharton’s jelly

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Acknowledgements

We are grateful to Stempeutics Research, Malaysia, and Manipal Institute of Regenerative Medicine, India, for enabling us to carry out research on stem cells and regenerative medicine.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Manipal Institute of Regenerative Medicine, Manipal University Branch Campus, Bangalore, India

    Ramyani Taran, Murali Krishna Mamidi, Ramesh Bhonde & Rajarshi Pal

  2. Stempeutics Research Malaysia Sdn. Bhd, Technology Park Malaysia, 57000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

    Gurbind Singh

  3. Department of Anesthesiology, Taylor’s University Clinical School, Sungai Buloh Hospital, Selangor, Malaysia

    Susmita Dutta

  4. Brain Research Institute, Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Sunway Campus, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, 46150, Bandar Sunway, Selangor, Malaysia

    Ishwar S Parhar

  5. Multimodal Brain Image Analysis Laboratory (MBIAL), National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS), Bangalore, India

    John P John

  6. Department of Surgery, Taylor’s University Clinical School, Sungai Buloh Hospital, Selangor, Malaysia

    Anjan Kumar Das

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  1. Ramyani Taran
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Correspondence to Anjan Kumar Das.

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Corresponding editor: SATISH KUMAR

[Taran R, Mamidi MK, Singh G, Dutta S, Parhar IS, John JP, Bhonde R, Pal R and Das AK 2014 In vitro and in vivo neurogenic potential of mesenchymal stem cells isolated from different sources. J. Biosci. 39 1–13] DOI 10.1007/s12038-013-9409-5

Ramyani Taran and Murali Mamidi contributed equally.

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Taran, R., Mamidi, M.K., Singh, G. et al. In vitro and in vivo neurogenic potential of mesenchymal stem cells isolated from different sources. J Biosci 39, 157–169 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12038-013-9409-5

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