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NOD1 and NOD2 receptors in mrigal (Cirrhinus mrigala): Inductive expression and downstream signalling in ligand stimulation and bacterial infections

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Abstract

Nucleotide binding and oligomerization domain (NOD)1 and NOD2 are important cytoplasmic pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) and key members of the NOD-like receptor (NLR) family. They sense a wide range of bacteria or their products and play a key role in inducing innate immunity. This report describes the role of NOD1 and NOD2 receptors signalling in innate immunity in the Indian major carp, mrigal (Cirrhinus mrigala). Tissue-specific expression analysis of NOD1 and NOD2 genes by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) revealed their wide distribution in various organs/tissues. In the untreated fish, the highest expression of NOD1 and NOD2 was detected in liver and blood, respectively. Stimulation with NOD1- and NOD2-specific ligands, i.e. iE-DAP and MDP, activated NOD1 and NOD2 receptor signalling in vivo and in vitro resulting in significant (p<0.05) induction of downstream signalling molecule RICK, and the effector molecules IL-1β, IL-8 and IFN-γ in the treated group as compared to their controls. In response to both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial infections, NOD1 and NOD2 receptors signalling were activated and IL-1β, IL-8 and IFN-γ were induced. These findings highlight the important role of NOD receptors in eliciting innate immune response during the pathogenic invasion to the fish.

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Abbreviations

CARD:

caspase activation and recruitment domain

CLARP:

caspase-like apoptosis-regulatory protein

iE-DAP:

d-glutamyl-meso-diaminopimelic acid

IκB:

inhibitor of NF-κB

Iκκ:

IκB kinase

LRR:

leucine-rich repeat

MDP:

muramyl dipeptide

NF-κB:

nuclear factor κB

NLR:

NOD-like receptor

NOD:

nucleotide binding and oligomerization domain

PAMP:

pathogen-associated molecular pattern

PBL:

peripheral blood leukocytes

PRR:

pattern recognition receptor

qRT-PCR:

quantitative real-time PCR

RICK:

RIP-like interacting CLARP

RIP:

receptor interacting serine-threonine protein kinase

TLR:

toll-like receptor

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Acknowledgements

This work was financially supported by the grant of National Agricultural Innovation Project (NAIP)–Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR) (Project code C4-C30018). We thank the Director, Central Institute of Freshwater Aquaculture (CIFA), for valuable suggestions, help and for providing the facilities to carry out this work.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Fish Health Management Division, Central Institute of Freshwater Aquaculture (CIFA), Kausalyaganga, Bhubaneswar, 751 002, Odisha, India

    Banikalyan Swain, Madhubanti Basu & Mrinal Samanta

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  1. Banikalyan Swain
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  2. Madhubanti Basu
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  3. Mrinal Samanta
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Correspondence to Mrinal Samanta.

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Corresponding editor: Satyajit Rath

[Swain B, Basu M and Samanta M 2013 NOD1 and NOD2 receptors in mrigal (Cirrhinus mrigala): Inductive expression and downstream signalling in ligand stimulation and bacterial infections. J. Biosci. 38 1–16] DOI

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Swain, B., Basu, M. & Samanta, M. NOD1 and NOD2 receptors in mrigal (Cirrhinus mrigala): Inductive expression and downstream signalling in ligand stimulation and bacterial infections. J Biosci 38, 533–548 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12038-013-9330-y

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