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Transcriptional Control of Peripheral Nerve Regeneration

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Abstract

Transcription factors are master regulators of various cellular processes under diverse physiological and pathological conditions. Many transcription factors that are differentially expressed after injury to peripheral nerves play important roles in nerve regeneration. Considering that rapid and timely regrowth of injured axons is a prerequisite for successful target reinnervation, here, we compile transcription factors that mediates axon elongation, including axon growth suppressor Klf4 and axon growth promoters c-Myc, Sox11, STAT3, Atf3, c-Jun, Smad1, C/EBPδ, and p53. Besides neuronal changes, Schwann cell phenotype modulation is also critical for nerve regeneration. The activation of Schwann cells at early time points post injury provides a permissive microenvironment whereas the re-differentiation of Schwann cells at later time points supports myelin sheath formation. Hence, c-Jun and Sox2, two critical drivers for Schwann cell reprogramming, as well as Krox-20 and Sox10, two essential regulators of Schwann cell myelination, are reviewed. These transcription factors may serve as promising targets for promoting the functional recovery of injured peripheral nerves.

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Funding

This work was supported by the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions (PAPD).

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  1. Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Tissue Engineering Technology Products, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China

    Yunsong Zhang, Qian Zhao, Qianqian Chen, Lingchi Xu & Sheng Yi

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Yunsong Zhang prepared the figures. Yunsong Zhang, Qian Zhao, and Qianqian Chen collected the data. Lingchi Xu and Sheng Yi designed the study and wrote the manuscript. All authors contributed to the article and approved the submitted version.

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Zhang, Y., Zhao, Q., Chen, Q. et al. Transcriptional Control of Peripheral Nerve Regeneration. Mol Neurobiol 60, 329–341 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12035-022-03090-0

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