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Secretome of Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Its Potential Protective Effects on Brain Pathologies

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Abstract

Previous studies have indicated that mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have a fundamental role in the repair and regeneration of damaged tissues. There is strong evidence showing that much of the beneficial effects of these cells are due to the secretion of bioactive molecules—besides microRNAs, hormones, and neurotrophins—with anti-inflammatory, immunoregulatory, angiogenic, and trophic effects. These factors have been reported by many studies to possess protective effects on the nervous tissue. Although the beneficial effects of the secretory factors of MSCs have been suggested for various neurological diseases, their actions on astrocytic cells are not well understood. Hence, it is important to recognize the specific effects of MSCs derived from adipose tissue, in addition to the differences presented by the secretome, depending on the source and methods of analysis. In this paper, the different sources of MSCs and their main characteristics are described, as well as the most significant advances in regeneration and protection provided by the secretome of MSCs. Also, we discuss the possible neuroprotective mechanisms of action of the MSC-derived biomolecules, with special emphasis on the effect of MSCs derived from adipose tissue and their impact on glial cells and brain pathologies.

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Abbreviations

ASCs:

Adult stem cells

AFSCs:

Amniotic fluid stem cells

CNS:

Central nervous system

CM-A-MSC:

Conditioned medium of mesenchymal cells derived from adipose tissue

BM-MSC:

Conditioned medium of mesenchymal stem cells derived from bone marrow

CM-MSCs:

Conditioned medium of mesenchymal stem cells

DPSCs:

Dental plug stem cells

ESCs:

Embryonic stem cells

EpSCs:

Epithelial stem cells

FSC:

Fetal stem cells

HSC:

Hematopoietic stem cells

HSC:

Hepatic stem cells

HI:

Hypoxic-ischemic

IPSC:

Induced pluripotent stem cells

A-MSC:

Mesenchymal cells derived from adipose tissue

MSCs:

Mesenchymal stem cells

BM-MSC:

Mesenchymal stem cells derived from bone marrow

hUCB-MSC:

Mesenchymal stem cells of the human umbilical cord

L-MSC:

Mesenchymal stromal cells derived from the limbus

NSC:

Neural stem cells

PSC:

Pluripotent stem cells

ROS:

Oxygen species

RNS:

Reactive nitrogen species

SCI:

Spinal cord injury

TBI:

Traumatic brain injury

UCB:

Umbilical cord blood

UCPVC:

Umbilical cord stem cells

UCPVC:

Umbilical cord stem cells

WJSC:

Wharton gelatin stem cells

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Acknowledgments

This work was in part funded by PUJ grant (ID no. 7115) to GEB. We also acknowledge scholarships for doctoral studies granted by the Vicerrectoría Académica of PUJ to Baez-Jurado E and Hidalgo-Lanussa O.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Departamento de Nutrición y Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, DC, Colombia

    Eliana Baez-Jurado, Oscar Hidalgo-Lanussa, Biviana Barrera-Bailón & George E. Barreto

  2. Neurogenic Inflammation Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran

    Amirhossein Sahebkar

  3. Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran

    Amirhossein Sahebkar

  4. School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran

    Amirhossein Sahebkar

  5. King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia

    Ghulam Md Ashraf

  6. Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad San Sebastian, Lientur 1457, 4080871, Concepción, Chile

    Valentina Echeverria

  7. Research & Development Service, Bay Pines VA Healthcare System, Bay Pines, FL, 33744, USA

    Valentina Echeverria

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  1. Eliana Baez-Jurado
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  2. Oscar Hidalgo-Lanussa
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  3. Biviana Barrera-Bailón
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  4. Amirhossein Sahebkar
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  5. Ghulam Md Ashraf
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  6. Valentina Echeverria
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  7. George E. Barreto
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Correspondence to George E. Barreto.

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Baez-Jurado, E., Hidalgo-Lanussa, O., Barrera-Bailón, B. et al. Secretome of Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Its Potential Protective Effects on Brain Pathologies. Mol Neurobiol 56, 6902–6927 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12035-019-1570-x

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