Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal motor neuron disease for which the existing candidate biomarkers (neurofilaments) have low specificity. Changes in blood IgG N-glycosylation have been observed in several diseases, including ALS, whereas cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) IgG has been less studied. Here, we characterized N-glycans of CSF IgG from ALS patients in comparison with a control group of other neurological diseases. Cerebrospinal fluid was collected from patients with ALS (n = 26) and other neurological diseases (n = 10). N-Glycans were released from CSF purified IgG with peptide N-glycosidase F, labeled with 2-aminobenzamide and analyzed by NP-HPLC chromatography in combination with exoglycosidase digestion and MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry. The N-glycosylation profile of ALS CSF IgG consisted of diantennary N-glycans predominantly with proximal fucose and some bisecting GlcNAc; agalacto-, mono-, and digalactosylated as well as α2,6-sialylated structures were detected. Differences between ALS and control patients were observed; most relevant was the increase in ALS CSF IgG of the level of galactosylated structures defined here as Gal-index (median 46.87 and 40.50% for ALS and controls, respectively; p = 0.006). The predictive value of the Gal-index (AUC = 0.792, p = 0.007) considering ROC analysis had potential utility as a diagnostic test for ALS and was comparable to that of phosphoneurofilament heavy chain (AUC = 0.777, p = 0.011), which was used as benchmark marker for our group of patients. The results provide the basis to further explore the potential of IgG N-glycan galactosylation as biomarker for ALS by using larger cohorts of patients and controls.
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Funding
This work was supported by the EU JPND project SOPHIA (JPND/0003/2011), Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (FCT); Portugal and Euronanomed 2 ERA-NET project GlioEx (ENMed/0001/2013), FCT, Portugal; iNOVA4Health Research Unit (LISBOA-01-0145-FEDER-007344), which is cofunded by FCT/Ministério da Ciência e do Ensino Superior, through national funds; and by FEDER under the PT2020 Partnership Agreement.
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Costa, J., Streich, L., Pinto, S. et al. Exploring Cerebrospinal Fluid IgG N-Glycosylation as Potential Biomarker for Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis. Mol Neurobiol 56, 5729–5739 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12035-019-1482-9
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12035-019-1482-9