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RETRACTED ARTICLE: CXCL12/CXCR4 Axis Upregulates Twist to Induce EMT in Human Glioblastoma

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This article was retracted on 26 May 2017

Abstract

In recent decades, the chemokine receptor CXCR4 and its ligand CXCL12 have been extensively reported to be associated with tumorigenesis. In addition, Twist signaling induces the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) process in glioblastoma development. In the present study, in vitro assays were used to investigate the role of CXCR4 and Twist in human glioblastoma. We explored the impact of CXCR4 and Twist on human glioblastoma using in vitro protein and gene assays. We found the administration of CXCL12 upregulated the expression of p-ERK, p-AKT, Twist, N-cadherin, and MMP9 in U87 cells, whereas the increase of E-cadherin protein was affected. Subsequently, Twist activity and EMT signaling were directly influenced by PD98059 and LY294002. Most importantly, the genetic silencing of Twist inhibited CXCL12-induced EMT occurrence, including proliferation, migration, and tumor formation of U87 cells. In conclusion, CXCL12/CXCR4 pathway activates ERK and PI3K/AKT signaling to upregulate Twist pathway, leading to the progression of EMT in human glioblastoma. Our study creates a new stage for molecule-targeted therapy of human glioblastoma.

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Acknowledgments

This study is supported by the National Key Technology R&D Program of China (No. 2014BAI04B05), and National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 81271517). We gratefully thank our Lab for their critical reading of this paper and valuable suggestions.

Conflicts of Interest

The authors declare that they do not have competing interests.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Glioma Surgery Division, Neurological Surgery Department, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, 12#, Wulumuqi Zhong Road, Shanghai, 200040, China

    Chengjun Yao & Jinsong Wu

  2. School of Medicine, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China

    Panpan Li, Huishu Song, Fuxi Song, Yalan Qu, Xiaochen Ma & Ranran Shi

Authors
  1. Chengjun Yao
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  2. Panpan Li
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  3. Huishu Song
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  5. Yalan Qu
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  6. Xiaochen Ma
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  7. Ranran Shi
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  8. Jinsong Wu
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Jinsong Wu.

Additional information

This article has been retracted at the request of the Editor-in-Chief and the Publisher per the Committee on Publication Ethics guidelines. The article shows evidence of irregularities in authorship during the submission process, there is strong reason to believe that the peer review process was compromised and the authors have plagiarized parts from the following article:

Guosong Li, Yanjun Yang, Siliang Xu, Lifeng Ma, Mingtang He, Ziqing Zhang, Slug signaling is up-regulated by CCL21/CXCR7 to induce EMT in human chondrosarcoma, Medical Oncology February 2015, 32:2, DOI: 10.1007/s12032-014-0478-6, Received: 18 December 2014

As such the validity of the content of this article cannot be verified.

An erratum to this article is available at http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12035-017-0629-9.

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Yao, C., Li, P., Song, H. et al. RETRACTED ARTICLE: CXCL12/CXCR4 Axis Upregulates Twist to Induce EMT in Human Glioblastoma. Mol Neurobiol 53, 3948–3953 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12035-015-9340-x

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12035-015-9340-x

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