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RETRACTED ARTICLE: The Downregulation of MicroRNA-146a Modulates TGF-β Signaling Pathways Activity in Glioblastoma

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This article was retracted on 15 February 2017

Abstract

Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) is considered to be one of the main factors responsible for glioblastoma tumorigenesis. MicroRNAs have recently been shown to regulate cell proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis. However, the involvement of miRNA-146a in TGF-β1-induced glioblastoma development remains largely unknown. Here, miRNA-164a transfection was used to overexpress miRNA-164a in U87, and then real-time quantitative PCR and Western blot were applied to detect the gene transcription and protein expression. In addition, MTT and wound healing assay were also used to observe cell proliferation and migration. Our data revealed that miRNA-146a was downregulated by TGF-β1 treatment, but upregulated by miRNA-164a transfection. MiRNA-146a overexpression significantly reduced SMAD4 protein expression instead of p-SMAD2. Besides, miRNA-146a overexpression also decreased the messenger RNA (mRNA) and protein expression of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and MMP9 as well as the p-ERK1/2 level. Furthermore, the upregulation of miRNA-146a suppressed TGF-β1-mediated U87 proliferation and migration. These results demonstrate that miRNA-146a acts as a novel regulator to modulate the activity and transduction of TGF-β signaling pathways in glioblastoma, and the downregulation of miRNA-146a is required for overexpression of EGFR and MMP9, which can be considered an efficiently therapeutic target and a better understanding of glioblastoma pathogenesis.

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Acknowledgments

This study was supported by the Institute Project of Shandong Provincial Academy of Medical Sciences (2013015). We greatly thank Huihui Kang in Sandy lab for valuable suggestions and writing.

Conflict of Interest

The authors state that there are no conflicts of interest to disclose.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Neurosurgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, 100730, Beijing, China

    Shunzeng Lv, Bowen Sun, Congxin Dai, Renzhi Wang & Wenbin Ma

  2. School of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China

    Shunzeng Lv, Ranran Shi & Wenyuan Lv

  3. Department of Breast Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, China

    Xingtong Zhou

  4. Department of Breast Surgery, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China

    Wenyuan Lv

  5. Department of Paediatrics, Xiaolan People’s Hospital Affiliated to Southern Medical University, Zhongshan, Guangdong, China

    Xiao Zhong

Authors
  1. Shunzeng Lv
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  2. Bowen Sun
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  3. Congxin Dai
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  4. Ranran Shi
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  5. Xingtong Zhou
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  6. Wenyuan Lv
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  7. Xiao Zhong
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  8. Renzhi Wang
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  9. Wenbin Ma
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Wenbin Ma.

Additional information

Shunzeng Lv and Bowen Sun contributed equally to this work.

This article has been retracted at the request of the Editor-in-Chief and the Publisher per the Committee on Publication Ethics guidelines. The article shows evidence of irregularities in authorship during the submission process and there is strong reason to believe that the peer review process was compromised.

An erratum to this article is available at http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12035-017-0452-3.

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Lv, S., Sun, B., Dai, C. et al. RETRACTED ARTICLE: The Downregulation of MicroRNA-146a Modulates TGF-β Signaling Pathways Activity in Glioblastoma. Mol Neurobiol 52, 1257–1262 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12035-014-8938-8

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12035-014-8938-8

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