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MicroRNAs in Neuronal Communication

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Abstract

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short nucleotides sequences that regulate the expression of genes in different eukaryotic cell types. A tremendous amount of knowledge on miRNAs has rapidly accumulated over the last few years, revealing the growing interest in this field of research. On the other hand, clarifying the physiological regulation of gene expression in the central nervous system is important for establishing a reference for comparison to the diseased state. It is well known that the fine tuning of neuronal networks relies on intricate molecular mechanisms, such as the adjustment of the synaptic transmission. As determined by recent studies, regulation of neuronal interactions by miRNAs has critical consequences in the development, adaptation to ambient demands, and degeneration of the nervous system. In contrast, activation of synaptic receptors triggers downstream signaling cascades that generate a vast array of effects, which includes the regulation of novel genes involved in the control of the miRNA life cycle. In this review, we have examined the hot topics on miRNA gene-regulatory activities in the broad field of neuronal communication-related processes. Furthermore, in addition to indicating the newly described effect of miRNAs on the regulation of specific neurotransmitter systems, we have pointed out how these systems affect the expression, transport, and stability of miRNAs. Moreover, we discuss newly described and under-investigation mechanisms involving the intercellular transfer of miRNAs, aided by exosomes and gap junctions. Thus, in the current review, we were able to highlight recent findings related to miRNAs that indisputably contributed towards the understanding of the nervous system in health and disease.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Núcleo de Cognição e Sistemas Complexos, Centro de Matemática, Computação e Cognição, Universidade Federal do ABC, Av. Atlântica 420, 09060-000, Santo André, SP, Brazil

    Guilherme Shigueto Vilar Higa, Erica de Sousa, Lais Takata Walter, Erika Reime Kinjo & Alexandre Hiroaki Kihara

  2. Departamento de Fisiologia e Biofísica, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil

    Guilherme Shigueto Vilar Higa & Alexandre Hiroaki Kihara

  3. Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológias, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil

    Rodrigo Ribeiro Resende

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  1. Guilherme Shigueto Vilar Higa
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  2. Erica de Sousa
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  3. Lais Takata Walter
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  4. Erika Reime Kinjo
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  5. Rodrigo Ribeiro Resende
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  6. Alexandre Hiroaki Kihara
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Correspondence to Alexandre Hiroaki Kihara.

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Guilherme Shigueto Vilar Higa, Erica de Sousa, and Lais Takata Walter contributed equally to this work.

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Higa, G.S.V., de Sousa, E., Walter, L.T. et al. MicroRNAs in Neuronal Communication. Mol Neurobiol 49, 1309–1326 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12035-013-8603-7

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