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Synergistic Effect of Glucagon-Like Peptide 2 (GLP-2) and of Key Growth Factors on the Proliferation of Cultured Rat Astrocytes. Evidence for Reciprocal Upregulation of the mRNAs for GLP-2 and IGF-I Receptors

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Abstract

The aim of this work was to determine whether the stimulating effect of glucagon-like peptide (GLP)-2 on astrocyte proliferation could be reinforced by proliferating substances, including growth factors such as EGF, platelet-derived growth factor, insulin-like growth factor type I (IGF-I) or a hormone such as insulin. Both DNA synthesis and astrocyte density, as well as the expression of c-Fos, Ki-67, proliferating cell nuclear antigen and glial fibrillary acidic proteins, were found to be higher in the presence of GLP-2 than in its absence. In an attempt to get a better understanding of this process, intracellular cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) production, extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) 1/2 phosphorylation and the expression of GLP-2R and IGF-I receptor (IGF-IR) mRNAs were studied in response to growth factors. Our results indicate that, in the presence of different growth factors, GLP-2 does not increase cAMP production but raises ERK 1/2 phosphorylation. In addition, GLP-2R mRNA expression was increased by IGF-I, whilst mRNA expression of IGF-IR was higher in cells incubated with GLP-2 than in control cells. These results suggest for the first time that GLP-2 and several growth factors show synergistic effects on the proliferation of rat astrocytes, a process in which an enhanced expression of GLP-2R and IGF-IR may be involved, providing additional insights into the physiological role of this novel neuropeptide, specially during astroglial regeneration.

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Acknowledgements

We thank Mr. Pedro Barrio for technical assistance.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain

    Esther Velázquez, Enrique Blázquez & Juan Miguel Ruiz-Albusac

  2. Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular III, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense, Plaza de S. Ramón y Cajal s/n, 28040, Madrid, Spain

    Juan Miguel Ruiz-Albusac

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  1. Esther Velázquez
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Correspondence to Juan Miguel Ruiz-Albusac.

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This study was supported by grants from the Ministerio de Educación y Ciencia, Fondo de Investigación Sanitaria de la Seguridad Social (FIS), Comunidad de Madrid, and from the CIBERDEM, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.

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Velázquez, E., Blázquez, E. & Ruiz-Albusac, J.M. Synergistic Effect of Glucagon-Like Peptide 2 (GLP-2) and of Key Growth Factors on the Proliferation of Cultured Rat Astrocytes. Evidence for Reciprocal Upregulation of the mRNAs for GLP-2 and IGF-I Receptors. Mol Neurobiol 40, 183–193 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12035-009-8080-1

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