Abstract
In this study, we have reported the removal of Cr(VI) ions by polyaniline (PANI) particles from aqueous medium. PANI in its emeraldine salt (ES) form can interact with Cr(VI), which is present as \(\text {HCrO}_{\text {4}}^{\boldsymbol {-}} \) in two ways. The adsorption of \(\text {HCrO}_{\text {4}}^{\boldsymbol {-}} \) ions due to the electrostatic interaction between partially positively charged PANI backbone and Cr(VI) anions causes the major portion of Cr(VI) removal and a small portion of Cr(VI) is reduced to Cr(III) by PANI (ES). The adsorption follows Langmuir adsorption isotherm and second-order kinetic model. It is observed that the removal of Cr(VI) is negligibly effected by the presence of other anions in the aqueous medium. The adsorption capacity of PANI (ES) is found to be 123 mg g−1, which is very high compared to activated carbon-based materials. The adsorbed anions can be desorbed by converting PANI emeraldine salt (ES) to PANI emeraldine base (EB). The EB form of PANI can be converted into ES form by treating with acid, which can be reused as adsorbent. It is important to note that the PANI (ES) is oxidized by \(\text {HCrO}_{\text {4}}^{\boldsymbol {-}} \) ions which decrease the hydrophilicity of the surface of PANI particles. This causes the decrease in adsorption capacity of recycled PANI.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Bhatnagar A and Jain A K 2005 J. Coll. Int. Sci. 281 49
Zong F, Shanzhao Z and Binjiang G 2008 Environ. Sci. Technol. 42 6949
Blanchard G, Maunaye M, Martin G, Blanchard G, Maunaye M and Martin G 1984 Wat. Res. 18 1501
Legrini O, Oliveros O and Braun A M 1993 Chem. Rev. 93 671
Katsumata H, Kaneko S, Inomata K, Itoh K, Funasaka K, Masuyama K et al 2003, J. Env. Manage. 69 187
Zhang X, van den Bos C, Sloof W G, Hovestad A, Terryn H and de Wit J H W 2005 Surf. Coat. Tech. 199 92
Oliveria D Q L, Goncalves M, Oliveria L C A and Guilherme L R C 2008 J. Hazard. Mater. 151 280
Pizzi A 1980 J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 25 2547
Costa M 1997 Crit. Rev. Toxicol. 27 431
Singh J, Carlisle D L, Pritchard D E and Patierno S R 1998 Oncol. Res. 5 1307
Sugden K D and Stearns D M 2000 J. Environ. Pathol. Tox. 19 215
Shi X and Ding M 2002 Mol. Cell Biochem. 234/235 293
Selvi K, Pattabhi S and Kadirvelu K 2001 Bioresour. Technol. 80 87
Mor S, Ravindra K and Bishnoi N R 2007 Bioresour. Technol. 98 954
Bhattacharyya K G and Sen Gupta S 2006 Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 45 7232
Lytle C M, Lytle F, Yang N, Qian J H, Hansen D, Zayed A and Terry N 1998 Environ. Sci. Technol. 32 3087
Yoon J, Amy G, Chung J, Sohn J and Yoon Y 2009 Chemosphere 27 228
Lashmipathiraj P, Bhaskar Raju G, Raviatul Basariya M, Parvathy S and Prabhakar S 2008 Separ. Purif. Technol. 60 96
Demirbas A 2008 J. Hazard. Mater. 157 220
McCullough R D and Williams S P 1993 J. Am. Chem. Soc. 115 11608
Huynh W U, Dittmer J J and Alivisatos A P 2002 Science 295 2425
Gustafsson G, Cao Y, Treacy G M, Klavetter F and Heeger A J 1992 Nature 357 477
Wynne K J and Street G B 1982 Ind. Eng. Chem. Prod. Res. Dev. 21 23
Garnier F, Hajlaoui R, Yassar A and Srivastava P 1994 Science 265 1684
MacDiarmid A G, Chiang J C and Richter A F 1987 Synthetic Met. 18 285
MacDiarmid A G, Chiang J C, Halpern M, Huang W S, Mu S L, Somasiri N L D et al 1985, Mol. Cryst. Liq. Cryst. 121 173
Huang J, Virji S, Weiller B H and Kaner R B 2003 J. Am. Chem. Soc. 125 314
Virji S, Huang J, Kaner R B and Weiller B H 2004 Nano Lett. 4 491
Pharhad Hussain A M and Kumar A 2003 Bull. Mater. Sci. 26 (3) 329
Baker C O, Shedd B, Innis P C, Whitten P G, Spinks G M, Wallace G G and Kaner R B 2008 Adv. Mater. 20 155
Dhawan S K and Trivedi D C 1989 Bull. Mater. Sci. 12 153
Zheng Y, Liu Y and Wang A 2012 Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 51 10079
Mahanta D, Madras G, Radhakrishnan S and Patil S 2008 J. Phys. Chem. B 112 10153
Mahanta D, Madras G, Radhakrishnan S and Patil S 2009 J. Phys. Chem. B 113 2293
Ayad M M and El-Nasr A A 2010 J. Phys. Chem. C 114 14377
Guo X, Fei G T, Su H and Zhang L D 2011 J Phys. Chem. C 115 1608
Liu X, Qian X, Shen J, Zhou W and An X 2012 Bioresour. Technol. 124 516
Zhang R, Ma H and Wang B 2010 Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 49 9998
Albuquerque J E, Mattoso L H C, Faria R M, Masters J G and MacDiarmid A G 2004 Synth. Met. 146 1
Geng Y, Li J, Jing X and Wang F 1997 Synth. Met. 84 97
Dutt S and Siril P F 2004 Mater. Lett. 124 50
Albuquerque J E, Mattoso L H C, Balogh D T, Faria R M, Masters J G and MacDiarmid A G 2000 Synth. Met. 113 19
Zhang Z, Wei Z and Wan M 2002 Macromolecules 35 5937
Pouget J P, Jozefowicz M E, Epstein A J, Tang X and MacDiarmid A G 1991 Macromolecules 24 779
Selvi K, Pattabhi S and Kadirvelu K 2001 Bioresour. Technol. 80 87
Dakiky M, Khamis M, Manassra A and Mer’eb M 2002 Adv. Environ. Res. 6 533
Muthukumaran K and Beulah S 2011 Procedia. Environ. Sci. 4 281
Karthikeyan T, Rajgopal S and Miranda L R 2005 J. Hazard. Mater. B124 192
Babel S and Kurniawan T A 2004 Chemosphere 54 951
Bailey S E, Olin T J, Bricka R M and Adrin D D 1999 Wat. Res. 33 2469
Acknowledgement
We thank the University Grant Commission (UGC), India, for financial support.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
BARUAH, P., MAHANTA, D. Adsorption and reduction: combined effect of polyaniline emeraldine salt for removal of Cr(VI) from aqueous medium. Bull Mater Sci 39, 875–882 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12034-016-1204-0
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12034-016-1204-0