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Growth, characterization and dielectric studies of gadolinium fumarate heptahydrate single crystals

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Gadolinium fumarate heptahydrate single crystals were grown by the single gel diffusion technique using silica gel as a medium of growth. Nucleation rate of these crystals was studied corresponding to the effect of various growth parameters. An attempt was made to relate the experimental results with the classical nucleation theory. The crystals were characterized by different physico-chemical techniques of characterization. Powder X-ray diffraction pattern showed that gadolinium fumarate is a crystalline compound and is isomorphous with samarium fumarate heptahydrate crystals. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy was performed for the identification of water and other functional groups present in the compound. Elemental analysis sugested the chemical formula of the crystals to be Gd2(C4H2O4)3⋅7H2O. The presence of seven molecules of water was also supported by the thermogravimetric analysis. The hydrated compound was found to be thermally stable up to a temperature of about 110 °C and its anhydrous form up to the temperature of 420°C. The thermal decomposition of the compound in the nitrogen atmosphere leads to the formation of gadolinium oxide as the final product. The dielectric properties and AC conductivity of gadolinium fumarate heptahydrate complex were carried out in the frequency range of 20 Hz–3 MHz and over the temperature range of 15–130∘C, both showing a hump at about 95∘C, which could be attributed to water molecules in the crystal boundary.

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Acknowledgements

MDS is highly thankful to the UGC, New Delhi, and the Department of Higher Education, Government of Jammu and Kashmir, for providing and facilitating the teacher fellowship from Government; Degree College, Pulwama. BW is highly thankful to DST(SERB), New Delhi, for providing financial assistance under major research project no. SR/S2/CMP-102/2012. We also acknowledge SAIF KOCHI, Cochin University of Science and Technology, Kerala, for the precise and timely characterization of the samples.

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  1. Solid State Research Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, 190 006, India

    M D SHAH & B WANT

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SHAH, M.D., WANT, B. Growth, characterization and dielectric studies of gadolinium fumarate heptahydrate single crystals. Bull Mater Sci 38, 73–81 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12034-014-0804-9

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