Abstract
Highly crystalline TiO2 anatase nanoparticles were synthesized via gel–sol method by using titanium isopropoxide and triethanolamine. The products were characterized by X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, thermogravimetric/differential thermal analysis and nitrogen gas absorption methods. The particle size ranged from 7 to 24 nm having specific surface area of 64 to 220 m2/g. Selective Ti(OH)4 gel specifications and hydrothermal test conditions resulted in thermodynamically-stable phase-formation. Aging at 130°C for 4 h resulted in particle size of 7 nm; while at 130 and 160°C for 12 h resulted in 12 and 21 nm, respectively.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Almquist C B and Biswas P 2002 J. Catal. 212 145
Ban T, Ohya Y and Takahashi Y 2003 J. Sol-Gel Sci. Technol. 27 363
Byrappa K and Adschiri T 2007 Prog. Cryst. Growth 53 117
Cappelletti G, Bianchi C L and Ardizzone S 2008 Appl. Catal. B-Environ. 78 193
Chen X and Mao S S 2007 Chem. Rev. 107 2891
Diebold U 2003 Surf. Sci. Rep. 48 53
Fujishima A, Rao T N and Tryk D A 2000 J. Photochem. Photobiol. C1 1
Hafizah N and Sopyan I 2009 Int. J. Photoenergy 2009 962783
Hoffmann M R, Martin S T, Choi W and Bahnemann D W 1995 Chem. Rev. 95 69
Hosokawa M, Nogi K, Naito M and Yokoyama T 2007 Nanoparticle technology handbook (Oxford: Elsevier) pp 509–515
Hsiang H I and Lin S C 2004 Mater. Sci. Eng. A380 67
Itoh H and Sugimoto T 2003 J. Colloid. Interf. Sci. 265 283
Kim S J, Park S D and Jeong Y H 1999 J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 82 927
Li S, Jiang Z H and Jiang Q 2007 Mater. Res. Bull. 43 3149 doi:10.1016/j.materresbull.11.003
Park Y I, Kim C E and Lee H W 1999 J. Sol-Gel Sci. Technol. 14 149
Phonthammachai N, Chairassameewong T, Gulari E, Jamieson A M and Wongkasemjit S 2003 Microporous Mesoporous Mater. 66 261
Sivakumar S, Pillai P K, Mukundan P and Warrier K G K 2002 Mater. Lett. 57 330
Song K C and Pratsinis S E 2001 J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 84 92
Sugimoto T and Sakata K 1992 J. Colloid. Interf. Sci. 152 587
Sugimoto T, Okada K and Itoh H 1997 J. Colloid Interf. Sci. 193 140
Sugimoto T, Okada K and Itoh H 1998 J. Dispers. Sci. Technol. 19 143
Tang Z, Zhang J, Cheng Z and Zhang Z 2002 Mater. Chem. Phys. 77 314
Yanqing Z, Erwei S, Suxian C, Wenjun L and Xingfang H 2000 J. Mater. Sci. Lett. 19 1445
Zhang H and Banfield J F 1998 J. Mater. Chem. 8 2073
Zhang H and Banfield J F 2000 J. Phys. Chem. B104 3481
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
SHAHINI, S., ASKARI, M. & SADRNEZHAAD, S.K. Gel–sol synthesis and aging effect on highly crystalline anatase nanopowder. Bull Mater Sci 34, 1189–1195 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12034-011-0242-x
Received:
Revised:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12034-011-0242-x