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Hypomethylation-Mediated Upregulation of NFE2L3 Promotes Malignant Phenotypes of Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma Cells

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Abstract

This work aimed to study the effect of NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 3 (NFE2L3) on clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) cells and whether NFE2L3 expression was mediated by DNA methylation. Twenty-one ccRCC patients were collected. The gene methylation and expression data of TCGA-KIRC were accessed from TCGA. Candidate methylation driver genes were identified by “MethylMix” package, and finally, NFE2L3 was selected as the target gene. The methylation of NFE2L3 was assayed by Ms PCR and QMSP. mRNA level of NFE2L3 was analyzed by qRT-PCR. Protein level of NFE2L3 was measured by Western blot. Demethylation was performed with methylation inhibitor 5-Aza-2’-deoxycytidine (5-Aza-CdR). Proliferative, migratory, and invasive abilities of ccRCC cells were assayed via cell colony formation assay, scratch healing assay, and transwell assay, respectively. Analysis of TCGA database presented that DNA hypomethylation occurred in the NFE2L3 promoter region in ccRCC tissues. NFE2L3 was significantly upregulated in ccRCC tissues and cells. Its expression in cells treated with 5-Aza-CdR was proportional to the concentration of methylation inhibitor. In cell function experiments, overexpressing NFE2L3 or demethylation could stimulate proliferation, migration, and invasion abilities of ccRCC and normal cells. 5-Aza-CdR treatment rescued repressive impact of knockdown NFE2L3 on malignant phenotypes of ccRCC and normal cells. DNA hypomethylation could induce high expression of NFE2L3 and facilitate malignant phenotypes of ccRCC cells. These results may generate insights into ccRCC therapy.

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The data used to support the findings of this study are included within the article.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Oncology, Shulan(Hangzhou)Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang Shuren University Shulan International Medical College, Hangzhou, 310022, Zhejiang, China

    Xuehua Hou, Qin Liao, Ying Wu & Luo Wang

  2. Neurosurgery, Xiangshan First People’s Hospital Medical and Health Group, Xiangshan, 315700, Zhejiang, China

    Jianfeng Zhao

  3. Department of Pathology, Lishui People’s Hospital, No. 15, Volkswagen Street, Liandu District, Lishui, 323000, Zhejiang, China

    Xuhui Liao

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  1. Xuehua Hou
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  2. Qin Liao
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  3. Ying Wu
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  4. Luo Wang
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  5. Jianfeng Zhao
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All authors contributed to data analysis, drafting, and revising the article, gave final approval of the version to be published, and agreed to be accountable for all aspects of the work.

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Correspondence to Xuhui Liao.

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The study was approved by the ethics committee of People’s Hospital of Lishui City.

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Supplementary Information

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Supplementary file1 (TIF 85 KB)—Supplementary Figure 1 qRT-PCR detected Caki-1 cells transfection efficiency

12033_2023_727_MOESM2_ESM.tif

Supplementary file2 (TIF 5885 KB)—Supplementary Figure 2 Overexpression of NFE2L3 promotes malignant phenotypes of RPTEC cells. A. qRT-PCR and Western blot detected the mRNA and protein expression of NFE2L3 in transfected RPTEC cells; B. Change in methylation state of NFE2L3 gene in RPTEC cells after transfection; C. Cell colony formation assay detected proliferative ability of RPTEC cells; D. Scratch healing assay detected the migratory ability of RPTEC cells (×40); E. Cell invasion assay detected the invasive ability of RPTEC cells (×100). (* denotes p<0.05)

12033_2023_727_MOESM3_ESM.tif

Supplementary file3 (TIF 7647 KB)—Supplementary Figure 3 Repression of methylation attenuates the tumor suppressive effect caused by NFE2L3 knockdown in Caki-2 cells. A. qRT-PCR detected Caki-2 cell transfection efficiency; B. Western blot detected the protein expression of NFE2L3 in transfected Caki-2 cells; C. Cell colony formation assay detected proliferative ability of Caki-2 cells; D. Scratch healing assay detected the migratory ability of Caki-2 cells (×40); E. Cell invasion assay detected the invasive ability of Caki-2 cells (×100). (* denotes p<0.05)

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Hou, X., Liao, Q., Wu, Y. et al. Hypomethylation-Mediated Upregulation of NFE2L3 Promotes Malignant Phenotypes of Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma Cells. Mol Biotechnol 66, 198–207 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12033-023-00727-w

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