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Diagnosis and Drug Prediction of Parkinson’s Disease Based on Immune-Related Genes

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Abstract

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disorder. Immune mechanisms play an important role in the development of PD. The purpose of this study was to identify potential differentially expressed immune-related genes (IRGs), signaling pathways, and drugs in PD, which may provide new diagnostic markers and therapeutic targets for PD. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and IRGs were respectively obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) dataset and the ImmPort database. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) was utilized to further identify hub IRGs. Core IRGs were obtained by intersection of DEGs and hub genes in the module of WGCNA, followed by construction of diagnostic models and regulation network establishment of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs)-miRNAs-diagnostic IRGs. Analysis of functional enrichment and protein–protein interaction (PPI) network and identification of related drugs of DEGs was performed. LILRB3 and CSF3R were identified as potential diagnostic markers for PD. Two regulatory pairs were identified based on LILRB3 and CSF3R, including XIST-hsa-miR-214-3p/hsa-miR-761-LILRB3 and XIST-hsa-miR-485-5p/hsa-miR-654-5p-CSF3R. LEP and IL1A were drug targets of Olanzapine. MMP9 and HSP90AB1 were drug targets of Bevacizumab. In addition, LEP and MMP9 were respectively drug targets of Lovastatin and Celecoxib. Herpes simplex infection (involved TNFRSF1A) and cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction (involved CSF3R, LEP, and IL1A) were the most remarkably enriched signaling pathways of DEGs. Identified IRGs and related signaling pathways may play critical roles in the development of PD. Additionally, LILRB3 and CSF3R can be considered as potential immune-related diagnostic markers for PD. LEP, IL1A, MMP9, and HSP90AB1 may be regarded as immune-related therapeutic targets for PD.

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Data Availability

All data generated or analyzed during this study are included in this published article. The dataset supporting the conclusions of this article is included within the article.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Internal Neurology, The Second People’s Hospital of Liao Cheng, Shandong Province, China

    Jinglei Bao, Wansheng Chang & Yanjun Zhao

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  1. Jinglei Bao
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  2. Wansheng Chang
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  3. Yanjun Zhao
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Contributions

Conception and design: Jinglei Bao. Administrative support: Wansheng Chang. Provision of materials and samples: Yanjun Zhao and Jinglei Bao. Data collection and collation: Yanjun Zhao and Jinglei Bao. Data analysis and interpretation: Jinglei Bao and Wansheng Chang. All authors have read and agreed to the publication of the manuscript.

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Correspondence to Yanjun Zhao.

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Bao, J., Chang, W. & Zhao, Y. Diagnosis and Drug Prediction of Parkinson’s Disease Based on Immune-Related Genes. J Mol Neurosci 72, 1809–1819 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12031-022-02043-5

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