Abstract
The intrinsic period of circadian clock in the suprachiasmatic nucleus is entrained to a 24-h cycle by external cues, mainly light. Previous studies have shown that light applied at night induces robust phosphorylation of extracellular-signal-regulated kinase that is necessary to process the light pulse into the phase shift of the clock phase. In this study, we show the persistent downregulation of phosphorylated extracellular-signal-regulated kinase and transient downregulation of phosphorylated glycogen synthase kinase-3beta in the ventrolateral part of the suprachiasmatic nucleus to photic stimuli starting at 2 h after the beginning of the light pulse. As both kinases are involved in regulation of circadian clockwork, we hypothesize that these changes may contribute to the phase-shifting effect of light at night.
References
Albrecht U (2012) Timing to perfection: the biology of central and peripheral circadian clocks. Neuron 74:246–260
Bendová Z, Sládek M, Svobodová I (2012) The expression of NR2B subunit of NMDA receptor in the suprachiasmatic nucleus of Wistar rats and its role in glutamate-induced CREB and ERK1/2 phosphorylation. Neurochem Int 61:43–47
Butcher GQ, Doner J, Dziema H, Collamore M, Burgoon PW, Obrietan K (2002) The p42/44 mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway couples photic input to circadian clock entrainment. J Biol Chem 277:29519–29525
Butcher GQ, Lee B, Obrietan K (2003) Temporal regulation of light-induced extracellular signal-regulated kinase activation in the suprachiasmatic nucleus. J Neurophysiol 90:3854–3863
Butcher GQ, Lee B, Hsieh F, Obrietan K (2004) Light- and clock-dependent regulation of ribosomal S6 kinase activity in the suprachiasmatic nucleus. Eur J Neurosci 19:907–915
Butcher GQ, Lee B, Cheng HY, Obrietan K (2005) Light stimulates MSK1 activation in the suprachiasmatic nucleus via a PACAP-ERK/MAP kinase-dependent mechanism. J Neurosci 25:5305–5313
Cao R, Li A, Cho HY, Lee B, Obrietan K (2010) Mammalian target of rapamycin signaling modulates photic entrainment of the suprachiasmatic circadian clock. J Neurosci 30:6302–6314
Cao R, Butcher GQ, Karelina K, Arthur JS, Obrietan K (2013) Mitogen- and stress-activated protein kinase 1 modulates photic entrainment of the suprachiasmatic circadian clock. Eur J Neurosci 37:130–140
Coogan AN, Piggins HD (2003) Circadian and photic regulation of phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and Elk-1 in the suprachiasmatic nuclei of the Syrian hamster. J Neurosci 23:3085–3893
Doi M, Cho S, Yujnovsky I, Hirayama J, Cermakian N, Cato AC, Sassone-Corsi P (2007) Light-inducible and clock-controlled expression of MAP kinase phosphatase 1 in mouse central pacemaker neurons. J Biol Rhythms 22:127–139
Dziema H, Oatis B, Butcher GQ, Yates R, Hoyt KR, Obrietan K (2003) The ERK/MAP kinase pathway couples light to immediate-early gene expression in the suprachiasmatic nucleus. Eur J Neurosci 17:1617–1627
Gamble KL, Allen GC, Zhou T, McMahon DG (2007) Gastrin-releasing peptide mediates light-like resetting of the suprachiasmatic nucleus circadian pacemaker through cAMP response element-binding protein and Per1 activation. J Neurosci 27:12078–12087
Gamble KL, Kudo T, Colwell CS, McMahon DG (2011) Gastrin-releasing peptide modulates fast delayed rectifier potassium current in Per1-expressing SCN neurons. J Biol Rhythms 26:99–106
Goldsmith CS, Bell-Pedersen D (2013) Diverse roles for MAPK signaling in circadian clocks. Adv Genet 84:1–39
Guillaumond F, Becquet D, Blanchard MP, Attia J, Moreno M, Bosler O et al (2007) Nocturnal expression of phosphorylated-ERK1/2 in gastrin-releasing peptide neurons of the rat suprachiasmatic nucleus. J Neurochem 101:1224–1235
Harada Y, Sakai M, Kurabayashi N, Hirota T, Fukada Y (2005) Ser-557-phosphorylated mCRY2 is degraded upon synergistic phosphorylation by glycogen synthase kinase-3 beta. J Biol Chem 280:31714–31721
Iitaka C, Miyazaki K, Akaike T, Ishida N (2005) A role for glycogen synthase kinase-3beta in the mammalian circadian clock. J Biol Chem 280:29397–29402
Kayssi A, Amadesi S, Bautista F, Bunnett NW, Vanner S (2007) Mechanisms of protease-activated receptor 2-evoked hyperexcitability of nociceptive neurons innervating the mouse colon. J Physiol 580:977–991
Kripke DF, Wyborney VG (1980) Lithium slows rat circadian activity rhythms. Life Sci 26:1319–1321
Lavoie J, Hébert M, Beaulieu JM (2013) Glycogen synthase kinase-3β haploinsufficiency lengthens the circadian locomotor activity period in mice. Behav Brain Res 253:262–265
Lee HS, Nelms JL, Nguyen M, Silver R, Lehman MN (2003) The eye is necessary for a circadian rhythm in the suprachiasmatic nucleus. Nat Neurosci 6:111–112
Nakaya M, Sanada K, Fukada Y (2003) Spatial and temporal regulation of mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphorylation in the mouse suprachiasmatic nucleus. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 305:494–501
McCarthy MJ, Nievergelt CM, Kelsoe JR, Welsh DK (2012) A survey of genomic studies supports association of circadian clock genes with bipolar disorder spectrum illnesses and lithium response. PLoS One 7, e32091
Obrietan K, Impey S, Storm DR (1998) Light and circadian rhythmicity regulate MAP kinase activation in the suprachiasmatic nuclei. Nat Neurosci 1:693–700
Osland TM, Fernø J, Håvik B, Heuch I, Ruoff P, Lærum OD et al (2011) Lithium differentially affects clock gene expression in serum-shocked NIH-3 T3 cells. J Psychopharmacol 25:924–33
Pačesová D, Volfová B, Červená K, Hejnová L, Novotný J, Bendová Z (2015) Acute morphine affects the rat circadian clock via rhythms of phosphorylated ERK1/2 and GSK3β kinases and Per1 expression in the rat suprachiasmatic nucleus. Br J Pharmacol. doi:10.1111/bph.13152
Pizzio GA, Golombek DA (2008) Photic regulation of map kinase phosphatases MKP1/2 and MKP3 in the hamster suprachiasmatic nuclei. J Mol Neurosci 34:187–192
Wang W, Cui Q, Li Y, Li B, Yang X, Cui L, Jin H, Qu L (2010) The role of ERK-1/2 in the N/OFQ-induced inhibition of delayed rectifier potassium currents. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 394:1058–1062
Acknowledgments
This work was supported by the Czech Science Foundation (P303/12/1137) and the Ministry of Education, Youth and Sport of the Czech Republic (SVV-260087/2014).
Conflicts of Interest
None
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Červená, K., Pačesová, D., Spišská, V. et al. Delayed Effect of the Light Pulse on Phosphorylated ERK1/2 and GSK3β Kinases in the Ventrolateral Suprachiasmatic Nucleus of Rat. J Mol Neurosci 56, 371–376 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12031-015-0563-0
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12031-015-0563-0