Abstract
Purpose
Liposarcoma is the most common soft tissue sarcoma in adults. It represents approximately 20 % of all mesenchymal malignancies. It most frequently involves retroperitoneum, trunk, and extremities. Hypopharyngeal and esophageal localization of liposarcoma is extremely rare.
Methods
We performed a systematic review of literature and reported 26 and 33 cases of hypopharyngeal and esophageal liposarcoma. We analyzed natural history, imaging features, histology, treatment, and prognosis, with a specific focus to similarities and differences between tumors of hypopharynx and esophagus.
Results
Hypopharyngeal and esophageal liposarcomas have more similarities than differences. Incidence has a peak at 6th and 7th decades. The diagnostic procedures are barium swallow, endoscopic examination, and CT/MR imaging. Well-differentiated liposarcoma represents the most frequent histological subtype. Surgical excision is the main treatment. Endoscopic resection can be useful for pedunculated tumors of hypopharynx and cervical esophagus. Differences between hypopharyngeal and esophageal liposarcoma are represented by local recurrence rate (greater for hypopharyngeal tumors), number of giant tumors, and time to recurrence (greater for esophageal tumors). Finally, liposarcomas of distal esophagus need more extended approaches.
Conclusions
Liposarcomas of hypopharynx and cervical esophagus could be considered a unique pathological entity, with similar features and treatment options. Survival rate is dependent on histological type and location. Local recurrence is common, especially for hypopharyngeal liposarcoma, while the risk of lymph node or distant metastasis is very low. Patients should undergo regular examinations to rule out local recurrence, also for a long time, especially for esophageal tumors.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Srivastava A, Ghosh A, Saha S, Saha VP, Chakraborty D. Sarcomas of head and neck. A 10 years experience. Indian J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2007;59:322–6.
Gritli S, Khamassi K, Lachkhem A, Touati S, Chorfa A, Ben Makhlouf T, et al. Head and neck liposarcomas: a 32 years experience. Auris Nasus Larynx. 2010;37(3):347–51.
Mansour KA, Fritz RC, Jacobs DM, Vellios F. Pedunculated liposarcoma of the esophagus: a first case report. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 1983;86:447–50.
Frey-Schottman ML, Stiens R. Liposarkom im Hypopharynxbereich. Arch Ohren Nasen Kehlkopfheikd. 1979;223:419–22.
Nofal F, Thomas M. Liposarcoma in the pharynx. J Laryngol Otol. 1989;103(11):1080–2.
Wenig BM, Weiss SW, Gnepp DR. Laryngeal and hypopharyngeal liposarcoma. Am J Surg Pathol. 1990;14(2):134–41.
Wenig BM, Heffner DK. Liposarcomas of the larynx and hypopharynx: a clinicopathologic study of eight new cases and a review of the literature. Laryngoscope. 1995;105:747–56.
Wambeek NDK, Mendelson RM. Liposarcoma of the hypopharynx. Australas Radiol. 1996;40:165–8.
Reed JM, Vick EG. Hypopharyngeal liposarcoma. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 1996;114(3):499–500.
Fahmy FF, Osborne J, Khalil HS, Rodgers B. Well-differentiated liposarcoma of the hypopharynx. J Laryngol Otol. 1998;112:880–2.
Mandell DL, Brandwein MS, Woo P, Som PM, Biller HF, Urken ML. Upper aerodigestive tract liposarcoma: report on four cases and literature review. Laryngoscope. 1999;109:1245–52.
Mouret P. Liposarcoma of the hypopharynx. A case report and review of the literature. Rev Laryngol Otol Rhinol (Bord). 1999;120(1):39–42.
Almela Cortes R, Moreno Carazo A, Martin RL. Laryngeal and hypopharyngeal liposarcoma. Report of a case and literature review. An Otorrinolaringol Ibero Am. 2002;29(5):431–8.
Sanz Gonzalo JJ, Martínez Molina P, Ribalta Farres MT, Sabater MF. Liposarcoma of the hypopharynx. Acta Otorrinolaringol Esp. 2002;53(1):60–3.
Gonzalez-Lois C, Ibarrola C, Ballestin C, Martanez-Tello FJ. Dedifferentiated liposarcoma of the pyriform sinus: report of a case and review of the literature. Int J Surg Pathol. 2002;10(1):75–9.
Cannizzaro MA, Cavallaro A, Veroux M, Costanzo M, Ferraù F, Veroux P. A case of pleomorphic liposarcoma involving a parahypopharyngeal site. Chir Ital. 2003;55(3):451–6.
Luna-Ortiz K, Campos-Ramos E, Carmona-Luna T, Mohar-Betancourt A, Ferrari-Carballo T. Laser resection of liposarcoma of the hypopharynx. Med Oral Patol Oral Circ Bucal. 2009;14(5):E252–6.
Giordano G, Corcione L, Gnetti L, Mercante G, Ferri T. Dedifferentiated liposarcoma of the pyriform sinus. Oral Oncol Extra. 2006;42:176–80.
McQueen C, Montgomery E, Dufour B, Olney MS, Illei PB. Giant hypopharyngeal atypical lipomatous tumor. Adv Anat Pathol. 2010;17(1):38–41.
El Ouakif F, Decourselle F, Schultheis D. Liposarcoma of the hypopharynx: two case reports and literature review. Rev Laryngol Otol Rhinol (Bord). 2011;132(4–5):245–50.
Takano K, Kondoh A, Matsumiya H, Himi T. A well-differentiated liposarcoma of the hypopharynx. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2011;144(3):479–80.
Nouri H, Hassani R, Aderdour L, Raji A. The well-differentiated liposarcoma of the hypopharynx. Eur Ann Otorhinolaryngol Head Neck Dis. 2011;128(3):143–5.
Bergmark R, Jung D, Vakharia K, Gray ST, Lin DT, Rosenberg AE. Pathology quiz case 1. Liposarcoma of the hypopharynx. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2012;138(3):313–5.
Bak YT, Kim JH, Kim JG, Lee CH, Lee KN, Choi YH, et al. Liposarcoma arising in a giant lipomatous polyp of the esophagus. Korean J Intern Med. 1989;4(1):86–9.
Yates SP, Collins MC. Case report: recurrent liposarcoma of the oesophagus. Clin Radiol. 1990;42(5):356–8.
Baca I, Klempa I, Weber JT. Liposarcoma of the esophagus. Eur J Surg Oncol. 1991;17(3):313–5.
Masumori K, Yoshioka M, Tanaka Y, Uchida E, Higuchi K, Maeda S, et al. A case report of esophageal liposarcoma. Nihon Geka Gakkai Zasshi. 1991;92(7):885–8.
Cooper GJ, Boucher NR, Smith JH, Thorpe JA. Liposarcoma of the esophagus. Ann Thorac Surg. 1991;51(6):1012–3.
Boggi U, Viacava P, Naccarato AG, Giulianotti PC, di Candio G, Battolla L, et al. Giant pedunculated liposarcomas of the esophagus: literature review and case report. Hepatogastroenterology. 1997;44(14):398–407.
Salis GB, Albertengo JC, Bruno M, Palau G, González Villaveirán R, Lombardo D, et al. Pedunculated liposarcoma of the esophagus. Dis Esophagus. 1998;11(1):68–71.
Temes R, Quinn P, Davis M, Endara S, Follis F, Pett S, et al. Endoscopic resection of esophageal liposarcoma. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 1998;116(2):365–7.
Mandell DL, Brandwein MS, Woo P, Som PM, Biller HF, Urken ML. Upper aerodigestive tract liposarcoma: report on four cases and literature review. Laryngoscope. 1999;109(8):1245–52.
Ruppert-Kohlmayr AJ, Raith J, Friedrich G, Regauer S, Preidler KW, Szolar DH. Giant liposarcoma of the esophagus: radiological findings. J Thorac Imaging. 1999;14(4):316–9.
Beaudoin A, Journet C, Watier A, Mongeau CJ, Chagnon M, Beaudry R. Giant liposarcoma of the esophagus. Can J Gastroenterol. 2002;16(6):377–9.
Chung JJ, Kim MJ, Kim JH, Lee JT, Yoo HS, Kim KW. Imaging findings of giant liposarcoma of the esophagus. Yonsei Med J. 2003;44(4):715–8.
Bréhant O, Pessaux P, Hennekinne-Mucci S, Barrière E, D’Aubigny N, Aubé C, et al. Giant pedunculated liposarcoma of the esophagus. J Am Coll Surg. 2004;198(2):320–1.
Garcia M, Buitrago E, Bejarano PA, Casillas J. Large esophageal liposarcoma: a case report and review of the literature. Arch Pathol Lab Med. 2004;128(8):922–5.
Liakakos TD, Troupis TG, Tzathas C, Spirou K, Nikolaou I, Ladas S, et al. Primary liposarcoma of esophagus: a case report. World J Gastroenterol. 2006;12(7):1149–52.
Yang B, Shi PZ, Li X, Xu RJ. Well-differentiated liposarcoma of esophagus. Chin Med J (Engl). 2006;119(5):438–40.
Di Mascio L, Gamble L, Wajed S, Winslet M. Intussuscepting giant liposarcoma of the oesophagus. J Postgrad Med. 2006;52(3):231–2.
Maruyama K, Motoyama S, Okuyama M, Sasaki K, Sato Y, Hayashi K, et al. Cervical approach for resection of a pedunculated giant atypical lipomatous tumor of the esophagus. Surg Today. 2007;37(2):173–5.
Xu S, Xu Z, Hou Y, Tan Y. Primary pedunculated giant esophageal liposarcoma: case report. Dysphagia. 2008;23(3):327–30.
Mica L, Gianom D, Bode B, Jaklin P, Hollinger A. Rare cause of dysphagy: giant polypoid esophageal well-differentiated liposarcoma. Case Rep Gastroenterol. 2007;1(1):7–14.
Will U, Lorenz P, Urban H, Meyer F. Curative endoscopic resection of a huge pedunculated esophageal liposarcoma. Endoscopy. 2007;39 Suppl 1:E15–6.
Czekajska-Chehab E, Tomaszewska M, Drop A, Dabrowski A, Skomra D, Orłowski T, et al. Liposarcoma of the esophagus: case report and literature review. Med Sci Monit. 2009;15(7):CS123–7.
Jakowski JD, Wakely Jr PE. Rhabdomyomatous well-differentiated liposarcoma arising in giant fibrovascular polyp of the esophagus. Ann Diagn Pathol. 2009;13(4):263–8.
Smith MA, Kluck E, Jagannath S, Yang SC. Giant multi-polypoid liposarcoma of the esophagus: an atypical presentation. Ann Thorac Surg. 2010;89(2):610–2.
Moretti R, Cimino F, Vacca U, Rubinato L. Giant low-grade liposarcoma of distal esophagus. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg. 2011;39(5):795.
Watkin E, Devouassoux-Shisheboran M, Pedeutour F, Lagarde P, Salle M, Ranchère-Vince D, et al. A first reported case of dedifferentiated liposarcoma of the esophagus with molecular diagnosis. J Gastrointest Cancer. 2011;42(1):65–7.
Hasanabadi MS, Amiri M, Tajedini A, Yazdi AK, Heidarali M, Amali A, et al. Huge myxoid liposarcoma of the esophagus: a case report. Acta Med Iran. 2011;49(2):118–21.
Myung JK, Jeong JB, Han D, Song CS, Moon HJ, Kim YA, et al. Well-differentiated liposarcoma of the oesophagus: clinicopathological, immunohistochemical and array CGH analysis. Pathol Oncol Res. 2011;17(2):415–20.
Sui X, Li Y, Zhao H, Wang J. Giant liposarcoma of the esophagus with Li-Fraumeni-like syndrome. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg. 2011;40(5):1253–5.
Boni A, Lisovsky M, Dal Cin P, Rosenberg AE, Srivastava A. Atypical lipomatous tumor mimicking giant fibrovascular polyp of the esophagus: report of a case and a critical review of literature. Hum Pathol. 2013;44(6):1165–70.
Saleh WN, Aljehani YM, Ahmad MH. Giant pedunculated esophageal liposarcoma associated with Hurthle cell thyroid neoplasia. Saudi Med J. 2013;34(7):750–2.
Beylergil V, Simmons MZ, Ulaner G, Jurcic J, Hibshoosh H, Carrasquillo JA. FDG PET/CT findings in a rare case of giant fibrovascular polyp of the esophagus harboring atypical lipomatous tumor/well-differentiated liposarcoma. Clin Nucl Med. 2014;39(3):288–91.
Riva G, Sensini M, Corvino A, Vittone F, Garzaro M, Pecorari G. Rare giant pedunculated liposarcoma of the hypopharynx: case report and review of literature. J Gastrointest Cancer. 2015. doi:10.1007/s12029-015-9767-3.
Zevallos JP, Shah RP, Baredes S. Giant fibrovascular polyp of the hypopharynx. Laryngoscope. 2005;115:876–8.
Hoseok I, Kim JS, Shim YM. Giant fibrovascular polyp of the hypopharynx: surgical treatment with the biapproach. J Korean Med Sci. 2006;21:749–51.
Enzinger FM, Weis SW. Soft tissue tumors. St Louis: Mosby; 1995. p. 431–66.
Fletcher CDM, Sundaram M, Rydholm A, Coindre JM, Singer S. Soft tissue tumours: epidemiology, clinical features, histopathological typing and grading. In: Fletcher CDM, Krishnan Unni K, Mertens F, editors. World Health Organization classification of tumours. Pathology and genetics of tumours of soft tissue and bone. Lyon: IARC Press; 2002. p. 12–8.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Conflict of Interest
The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Riva, G., Sensini, M., Corvino, A. et al. Liposarcoma of Hypopharynx and Esophagus: a Unique Entity?. J Gastrointest Canc 47, 135–142 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12029-016-9808-6
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12029-016-9808-6