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NLR proteins and parasitic disease

  • IMMUNOLOGY AT THE UNIVERSITY OF IOWA
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Abstract

Parasitic diseases are a serious global health concern. Many of the most common and most severe parasitic diseases, including Chagas’ disease, leishmaniasis, and schistosomiasis, are also classified as neglected tropical diseases and are comparatively less studied than infectious diseases prevalent in high income nations. The NLRs (nucleotide-binding domain leucine-rich-repeat-containing proteins) are cytosolic proteins known to be involved in pathogen detection and host response. The role of NLRs in the host response to parasitic infection is just beginning to be understood. The NLR proteins NOD1 and NOD2 have been shown to contribute to immune responses during Trypanosoma cruzi infection, Toxoplasma gondii infection, and murine cerebral malaria. The NLRP3 inflammasome is activated by T. cruzi and Leishmania amazonensis but also induces pathology during infection with schistosomes or malaria. Both the NLRP1 and NLRP3 inflammasomes respond to T. gondii infection. The NLRs may play crucial roles in human immune responses during parasitic infection, usually acting as innate immune sensors and driving the inflammatory response against invading parasites. However, this inflammatory response can either kill the invading parasite or be responsible for destructive pathology. Therefore, understanding the role of the NLR proteins will be critical to understanding the host defense against parasites as well as the fine balance between homeostasis and parasitic disease.

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Acknowledgments

This work was support in part by Grants R01 AI076233 (MEW) and NIH R01 AI087630 (F.S.S.) from the National Institutes of Health and by and grants 1i01BX001983 and 5I01BX000536 from the Department of Veterans’ Affairs.

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  1. The Interdisciplinary Program in Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Iowa, 400 EMRB, 500 Newton Rd., Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA

    Gwendolyn M. Clay

  2. Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa, SW54-GH, 200 Hawkins Dr., Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA

    Fayyaz S. Sutterwala

  3. Veterans’ Affairs Medical Center, Iowa City, IA, 52246, USA

    Fayyaz S. Sutterwala & Mary E. Wilson

  4. Departments of Internal Medicine, Microbiology and Epidemiology, University of Iowa, SW34-GH, 200 Hawkins Dr., Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA

    Mary E. Wilson

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  1. Gwendolyn M. Clay
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Clay, G.M., Sutterwala, F.S. & Wilson, M.E. NLR proteins and parasitic disease. Immunol Res 59, 142–152 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12026-014-8544-x

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