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Alterations in macrophages and monocytes from tumor-bearing mice: evidence of local and systemic immune impairment

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Abstract

Macrophages are cells of the innate immune system involved in critical activities such as maintaining tissue homeostasis and immune surveillance. Pro-inflammatory macrophages M1 are responsible for the inflammatory response, while M2 macrophages are associated with the immunosuppressive repair phase of tissue remodeling. Most cancers are associated with chronic inflammation, and a high number of macrophages in tumors have been associated with tumor progression. Much effort has been made in elucidating the mechanisms through which macrophages contribute to tumor development, yet much less is known about the initial mechanisms by which tumors modify macrophages. Our work has focused on identifying the mechanisms by which macrophages from tumor hosts are modified by tumors. We have shown that peritoneal macrophages are significantly altered in mice bearing advanced mammary tumors and are not M1 or M2 polarized, but express a mixture of both transcriptional programs. These macrophages are less differentiated and more prone to apoptosis, resulting in increased myelopoiesis as a compensation to regenerate macrophage progenitors in the marrow. Macrophages in the tumor microenvironment are also neither M1 nor M2 cells and through a display of different mechanisms are even more impaired than their peripheral counterparts. Finally, systemic blood monocytes, precursors of tissue macrophages, are also altered in tumor bearers and show a mixed program of pro- and anti-inflammatory functions. We conclude that there is evidence for local and systemic immune impairment in tumor hosts.

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Acknowledgments

I thank all members of my group, past and present, who have contributed to the work and ideas discussed in this manuscript. Special thanks to Risset Silvera and Giselle Perry who actively and significantly contributed to this research, as well as to Ozzie Perez, who prepared the included figure. Research has been supported by the National Institutes of Health Grants R21 CA153172 and KO1 CA101926 from MTK.

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  1. Dayron Rodríguez

    Present address: Department of Urology, Massachusetts General Hospital, 55 Fruit St, Boston, MA, 02114, USA

  2. Raul Caso

    Present address: New York University School of Medicine, 550 1st Ave, New York, NY, 10016, USA

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Microbiology and Immunology and Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 1600 NW 10th Ave, Rosentiel Medical School Building, Room 3123A, Miami, FL, 33136, USA

    Marta Torroella-Kouri, Dayron Rodríguez & Raul Caso

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  1. Marta Torroella-Kouri
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Torroella-Kouri, M., Rodríguez, D. & Caso, R. Alterations in macrophages and monocytes from tumor-bearing mice: evidence of local and systemic immune impairment. Immunol Res 57, 86–98 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12026-013-8438-3

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