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Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) and Autoimmune Disease

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Abstract

The etiology and pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases have long been an enigmatic subject that have involved genetic and environmental factors. Recent intriguing data has contributed to the mechanisms involved, including the relationship of infectious agents and loss of tolerance. This loss of tolerance is illustrated by the data on the immune response to Hepatitis B virus such as the molecular mimicry between HBV antigens and self proteins, the generation of immune complexes between HBV antigens and antibodies, and apoptosis/tissue damage resulting in the exposure of intracellular antigens to the immune system. In this paper, we review the current database related to HBV infection and a variety of autoimmune conditions, including autoimmune hepatitis, systemic lupus erythematosus, aplastic anemia, antiphospholipid syndrome, polyarteritis nodosa, rheumatoid arthritis, type 1 diabetes, multiple sclerosis, thyroid disease and uveitis.

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Abbreviations

HbsAg:

hepatitis B surface antigen

HbsAb:

hepatitis B surface antibody

HbcAb:

hepatitis B core antibody

HbeAg:

hepatitis B e antigen

HbeAb:

hepatitis B e antibody

HBx protein:

hepatitis B × protein

AID:

autoimmune disease

MS:

multiple sclerosis

APS:

antiphospholipid syndrome

RA:

rheumatoid arthritis

SLE:

systemic lupus erythematosus

GN:

Glomerulonephritis

MN:

membranous nephropathy

PAN:

polyarteritis nodosa

AIH:

autoimmune hepatitis

T1D:

type 1 diabetes

EAE:

experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis

MBP:

myelin basic protein

aCL:

anticardiolipin

b2GPI:

b2-glycoprotein I

RF:

rheumatoid factor

CCP:

cyclic citrullinated peptide

ANA:

antinuclear antibodies

SMA:

smooth muscle antibodies

LKM1:

Liver/kidney microsomes type 1

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Medicine ‘B’ & Center for Autoimmune Diseases, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, 52621, Israel

    Ram Maya & Yehuda Shoenfeld

  2. Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Clinical Immunology, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA

    M. Eric Gershwin

  3. Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Incumbent of the Laura Schwarz-Kip Chair for Research of Autoimmune Diseases, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel

    Yehuda Shoenfeld

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  1. Ram Maya
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Correspondence to Yehuda Shoenfeld.

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Maya, R., Gershwin, M.E. & Shoenfeld, Y. Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) and Autoimmune Disease. Clinic Rev Allerg Immunol 34, 85–102 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12016-007-8013-6

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