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Stem Cells in Canine Spinal Cord Injury – Promise for Regenerative Therapy in a Large Animal Model of Human Disease

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Abstract

The use of cell transplantation for spinal cord injury is a rapidly evolving field in regenerative medicine. Numerous animal models are currently being used. However, translation to human patients is still a challenging step. Dogs are of increasing importance as a translational model for human disease since there is a greater awareness of the need to increase the quality of preclinical data. The use of dogs ultimately brings benefit to both human and veterinary medicine. In this review we analyze experimental and clinical studies using cell transplantation for canine spinal cord injury. Overall, in experimental studies, transplantation groups showed improvement over control groups. Improvements were measured at the functional, electrophysiological, histological, RNA and protein levels. Most clinical studies support beneficial effects of cell transplantation despite the fact that methodological limitations preclude definitive conclusions. However, the mechanisms of action and underlying the behavior of transplanted cells in the injured spinal cord remain unclear. Overall, we conclude here that stem cell interventions are a promising avenue for the treatment of spinal cord injury. Canines are a promising model that may help bridge the gap between translational research and human clinical trials.

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Acknowledgments

We thank the Center for Equine Health, University of California Davis, Mr. Dick and Mrs. Carolyn Randall, and Fundacao para a Ciencia e a Tecnologia, Ministerio da Educacao e Ciencia, Grant, SFRH/ BD/ 64871/2009, Portugal (BG), and Medical Research Council Grant 22358, UK (MSB); for their financial support through research grants.

Conflict of Interest

The authors report no conflicts of interest.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Stem Cell Program, Institute for Regenerative Cures, 2921 Stockton Boulevard, CA, 95817, USA

    Barbara G. McMahill & Jan A. Nolta

  2. Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology 4325 Vet Med 3A, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, USA

    Dori L. Borjesson

  3. Institute of Genetic Medicine, Centre for Life, Newcastle University, Central Parkway, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 3BZ, UK

    Maya Sieber-Blum

  4. Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, 1402 Tupper Hall, Davis, CA, 95616, USA

    Beverly K. Sturges

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  1. Barbara G. McMahill
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  5. Beverly K. Sturges
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Correspondence to Beverly K. Sturges.

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McMahill, B.G., Borjesson, D.L., Sieber-Blum, M. et al. Stem Cells in Canine Spinal Cord Injury – Promise for Regenerative Therapy in a Large Animal Model of Human Disease. Stem Cell Rev and Rep 11, 180–193 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12015-014-9553-9

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