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Inflammation, Aging, and Cancer: Tumoricidal Versus Tumorigenesis of Immunity

A Common Denominator Mapping Chronic Diseases

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Abstract

Acute inflammation is a highly regulated defense mechanism of immune system possessing two well-balanced and biologically opposing arms termed apoptosis (‘Yin’) and wound healing (‘Yang’) processes. Unresolved or chronic inflammation (oxidative stress) is perhaps the loss of balance between ‘Yin’ and ‘Yang’ that would induce co-expression of exaggerated or ‘mismatched’ apoptotic and wound healing factors in the microenvironment of tissues (‘immune meltdown’). Unresolved inflammation could initiate the genesis of many age-associated chronic illnesses such as autoimmune and neurodegenerative diseases or tumors/cancers. In this perspective ‘birds’ eye’ view of major interrelated co-morbidity risk factors that participate in biological shifts of growth-arresting (‘tumoricidal’) or growth-promoting (‘tumorigenic’) properties of immune cells and the genesis of chronic inflammatory diseases and cancer will be discussed. Persistent inflammation is perhaps a common denominator in the genesis of nearly all age-associated health problems or cancer. Future challenging opportunities for diagnosis, prevention, and/or therapy of chronic illnesses will require an integrated understanding and identification of developmental phases of inflammation-induced immune dysfunction and age-associated hormonal and physiological readjustments of organ systems. Designing suitable cohort studies to establish the oxido-redox status of adults may prove to be an effective strategy in assessing individual’s health toward developing personal medicine for healthy aging.

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Acknowledgments

The laboratory studies on experimental models of acute and chronic inflammatory diseases were established in collaboration with John H. Rockey, M.D., Ph.D. and his team at the University of Pennsylvania, School of Medicine. Proposals and concepts and working designs of cohort clinical studies were developed at the National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH) since 1998. The comments presented in this communication are personal views of the author and not necessarily those of NCI/NIH. The author is grateful to Mr. Alan Hoofring at NIH Medical Arts Department for his expert work on production of images.

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    Mahin Khatami

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Khatami, M. Inflammation, Aging, and Cancer: Tumoricidal Versus Tumorigenesis of Immunity. Cell Biochem Biophys 55, 55–79 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12013-009-9059-2

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