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Lead, Arsenic, and Manganese Metal Mixture Exposures: Focus on Biomarkers of Effect

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Abstract

The increasing exposure of human populations to excessive levels of metals continues to represent a matter of public health concern. Several biomarkers have been studied and proposed for the detection of adverse health effects induced by lead (Pb), arsenic (As), and manganese (Mn); however, these studies have relied on exposures to each single metal, which fails to replicate real-life exposure scenarios. These three metals are commonly detected in different environmental, occupational, and food contexts and they share common neurotoxic effects, which are progressive and once clinically apparent may be irreversible. Thus, chronic exposure to low levels of a mixture of these metals may represent an additive risk of toxicity. Building upon their shared mechanisms of toxicity, such as oxidative stress, interference with neurotransmitters, and effects on the hematopoietic system, we address putative biomarkers, which may assist in assessing the onset of neurological diseases associated with exposure to this metal mixture.

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Acknowledgments

The authors wish to acknowledge financial support from FCT strategic project PEst-OE/SAU/UI4013/2011, Instituto de Investigação do Medicamento (iMed.ULisboa), Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa and from the National Institute of Health (NIH R01ES10563).

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  1. Instituto de Investigação do Medicamento, iMed.UL, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-003, Lisboa, Portugal

    V. M. Andrade, M. L. Mateus, M. C. Batoréu & A. P. Marreilha dos Santos

  2. Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, 10461, USA

    M. Aschner

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  1. V. M. Andrade
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  2. M. L. Mateus
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  3. M. C. Batoréu
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  4. M. Aschner
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  5. A. P. Marreilha dos Santos
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Correspondence to A. P. Marreilha dos Santos.

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Andrade, V.M., Mateus, M.L., Batoréu, M.C. et al. Lead, Arsenic, and Manganese Metal Mixture Exposures: Focus on Biomarkers of Effect. Biol Trace Elem Res 166, 13–23 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12011-015-0267-x

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12011-015-0267-x

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